How to format your references using the Environment Systems and Decisions citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Environment Systems and Decisions. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Hu W (2000) Ringing in the new cosmology. Nature 404:939–940

A journal article with 2 authors

Mariani FV, Martin GR (2003) Deciphering skeletal patterning: clues from the limb. Nature 423:319–325

A journal article with 3 authors

Moore SW, Biais N, Sheetz MP (2009) Traction on immobilized netrin-1 is sufficient to reorient axons. Science 325:166

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Dou J, Vorobieva AA, Sheffler W, et al (2018) De novo design of a fluorescence-activating β-barrel. Nature 561:485–491

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Brown C (2012) Mastering Elliott Wave Principle. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Clauss-Ehlers CS (ed) (2010) Encyclopedia of Cross-Cultural School Psychology. Springer US, Boston, MA

A chapter in an edited book

Allainmat L, Baskin A, De Perrot T, et al (2013) Prostate Cancers. In: Ratib O, Schwaiger M, Beyer T (eds) Atlas of PET/MR Imaging in Oncology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 61–90

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Environment Systems and Decisions.

Blog post

Andrew E (2014) Controversial Study Created Airborne Virus Similar To 1918 Pandemic Influenza Virus. In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2000) Aviation and the Environment: FAA’s Role in Major Airport Noise Programs. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Cleveland JD (2014) A comparative study of genetic diversities among exploited flatfishes of the California Slope with emphasis on Dover sole (Microstomus pacificus). Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Hagerdon MLK (2016) The Triangle. New York Times A14

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Hu 2000).
This sentence cites two references (Hu 2000; Mariani and Martin 2003).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Mariani and Martin 2003)
Three or more authors: (Dou et al. 2018)

About the journal

Full journal title	Environment Systems and Decisions
Abbreviation	Environ. Syst. Decis.
ISSN (print)	2194-5403
ISSN (online)	2194-5411
Scope	General Environmental Science