How to format your references using the Environment Systems and Decisions citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Environment Systems and Decisions. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Randolph GJ (2011) Immunology. No need to coax monocytes. Science 332:1268–1269

A journal article with 2 authors

Hogan BM, Black BL (2015) Developmental biology: Diversity in the lymphatic vasculature. Nature 522:37–38

A journal article with 3 authors

Kellis M, Birren BW, Lander ES (2004) Proof and evolutionary analysis of ancient genome duplication in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Nature 428:617–624

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Coleman FC, Figueira WF, Ueland JS, Crowder LB (2004) The impact of United States recreational fisheries on marine fish populations. Science 305:1958–1960

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Burrell DB (2011) Towards a Jewish-Christian-Muslim Theology. Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, UK

An edited book

Rahman S, Primiero G, Marion M (eds) (2012) The Realism-Antirealism Debate in the Age of Alternative Logics. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht

A chapter in an edited book

Hoffmann D, Weggenmann D (2013) Climate Change Induced Glacier Retreat and Risk Management: Glacial Lake Outburst Floods (GLOFs) in the Apolobamba Mountain Range, Bolivia. In: Leal Filho W (ed) Climate Change and Disaster Risk Management. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 71–87

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Environment Systems and Decisions.

Blog post

Andrew D (2016) Who Lives Longest: Meat Eaters Or Vegetarians? In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/who-lives-longest-meat-eaters-or-vegetarians/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1989) FAA’s Voice Switching and Control System. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Shlapak A (2013) Mental health of foster youth in Ventura County. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Longman J (2015) A Description as Enigmatic as How to Escape a Slump. New York Times SP5

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Randolph 2011).
This sentence cites two references (Randolph 2011; Hogan and Black 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Hogan and Black 2015)
Three or more authors: (Coleman et al. 2004)

About the journal

Full journal title	Environment Systems and Decisions
Abbreviation	Environ. Syst. Decis.
ISSN (print)	2194-5403
ISSN (online)	2194-5411
Scope	General Environmental Science