How to format your references using the Environment Systems and Decisions citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Environment Systems and Decisions. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Dobson A (2003) Ecology. Metalife! Science 301:1488–1490

A journal article with 2 authors

Smith ZR, Long JA (2010) Control of Arabidopsis apical-basal embryo polarity by antagonistic transcription factors. Nature 464:423–426

A journal article with 3 authors

Harris GC, Wimmer M, Aston-Jones G (2005) A role for lateral hypothalamic orexin neurons in reward seeking. Nature 437:556–559

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Yamashita J, Itoh H, Hirashima M, et al (2000) Flk1-positive cells derived from embryonic stem cells serve as vascular progenitors. Nature 408:92–96

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Smith GS (2013) Straight to the Top. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Bansal NP (ed) (2005) Handbook of Ceramic Composites. Springer US, Boston, MA

A chapter in an edited book

Roberge J (2016) Critique and the Deliberate Professional: Framing the New and Enhanced Role of Intermediaries in Digital Culture. In: Trede F, McEwen C (eds) Educating the Deliberate Professional: Preparing for future practices. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 47–58

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Environment Systems and Decisions.

Blog post

Carpineti C (2017) Moron Decides To Tease Enormous Alligator While Dressed As A T-Rex. In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2011) Public Transportation: Requirements for Smaller Capital Projects Generally Seen as Less Burdensome. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Chryssis AN (2010) Design and fabrication of high-performance interband cascade tunable external cavity lasers. Doctoral dissertation, University of Maryland, College Park

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Lee L (2015) Knit 1, Curl Up 2. New York Times D3

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Dobson 2003).
This sentence cites two references (Dobson 2003; Smith and Long 2010).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Smith and Long 2010)
Three or more authors: (Yamashita et al. 2000)

About the journal

Full journal title	Environment Systems and Decisions
Abbreviation	Environ. Syst. Decis.
ISSN (print)	2194-5403
ISSN (online)	2194-5411
Scope	General Environmental Science