How to format your references using the Environment Systems and Decisions citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Environment Systems and Decisions. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Adam D (2003) British chemists warned of impending stagnation. Nature 421:100

A journal article with 2 authors

Gerardot BD, Ohberg P (2009) Physics. A strongly driven spin. Science 326:1489–1490

A journal article with 3 authors

Lissauer JJ, Dawson RI, Tremaine S (2014) Advances in exoplanet science from Kepler. Nature 513:336–344

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Li Y-L, Luo W, Chen X-J, et al (2013) Formation of Nanofoam carbon and re-emergence of Superconductivity in compressed CaC6. Sci Rep 3:3331

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Holloway M, Nwaoha C (2012) Dictionary of Industrial Terms. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Pizzuti C, Ritchie MD, Giacobini M (eds) (2009) Evolutionary Computation, Machine Learning and Data Mining in Bioinformatics: 7th European Conference, EvoBIO 2009 Tübingen, Germany, April 15-17, 2009 Proceedings. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Jessell MW, Koehn D, Bons PD, et al (2008) Case studies and coupling of processes. In: Bons PDD, Koehn D, Jessell MW (eds) Microdynamics Simulation. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 207–266

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Environment Systems and Decisions.

Blog post

Andrew E (2015) Sea Level Is Rising Fast – And It Seems To Be Speeding Up. In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1994) Research Fleet Modernization: NOAA Needs to Consider Alternatives to the Acquisition of New Vessels. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Koenig WE (2010) Leadership for the whole in the mythic field of C. G. Jung’s unconscious processes. Doctoral dissertation, Pacifica Graduate Institute

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Logan L (2013) Selfless. New York Times MM54

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Adam 2003).
This sentence cites two references (Adam 2003; Gerardot and Ohberg 2009).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Gerardot and Ohberg 2009)
Three or more authors: (Li et al. 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Environment Systems and Decisions
Abbreviation	Environ. Syst. Decis.
ISSN (print)	2194-5403
ISSN (online)	2194-5411
Scope	General Environmental Science