How to format your references using the Energy Economics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Energy Economics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Fratzl, P., 2014. Applied physics: The virtues of tiling. Nature 516, 178–179.

A journal article with 2 authors

Lyra, W., Kuchner, M., 2013. Formation of sharp eccentric rings in debris disks with gas but without planets. Nature 499, 184–187.

A journal article with 3 authors

Theise, N.D., Krause, D.S., Sharkis, S., 2003. Comment on “Little evidence for developmental plasticity of adult hematopoietic stem cells.” Science 299, 1317; author reply 1317.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Hong, B., Gasse, F., Uchida, M., Hong, Y., Leng, X., Shibata, Y., An, N., Zhu, Y., Wang, Y., 2014. Increasing summer rainfall in arid eastern-Central Asia over the past 8500 years. Sci. Rep. 4, 5279.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Hasslacher, C., Böhm, S., 2005. Diabetes and the Kidney. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK.

An edited book

Beauchamp, J.W. (Ed.), 2007. Analysis, Synthesis, and Perception of Musical Sounds: The Sound of Music, Modern Acoustics and Signal Processing. Springer, New York, NY.

A chapter in an edited book

Selvaggi, S., 2007. Insegnare e apprendere online, in: Selvaggi, S., Vollono, E., Sicignano, G. (Eds.), E-Learning: Nuovi Strumenti per Insegnare, Apprendere, Comunicare Online. Springer, Milano, pp. 55–75.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Energy Economics.

Blog post

Andrew, E., 2015. Newly Identified Hormone Reduces Diet-Induced Obesity In Rodents [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/newly-identified-hormone-reduces-diet-induced-obesity-rodents/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1975. Need for More Effective Management of Transportation Data Systems (No. LCD-75-205). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Blackwell, P.K., 2017. Timbre Fantasy: An Analysis on Coloristic Choices in John Corigliano’s Etude Fantasy (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Schembari, J., 2016. A Father, a Son and the Porsche They Went In On Together. New York Times B4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Fratzl, 2014).
This sentence cites two references (Fratzl, 2014; Lyra and Kuchner, 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Lyra and Kuchner, 2013)
Three or more authors: (Hong et al., 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Energy Economics
Abbreviation	Energy Econ.
ISSN (print)	0140-9883
Scope	Economics and Econometrics General Energy