How to format your references using the Electrochemistry Communications citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Electrochemistry Communications. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

S. Blackmore, Environment. Biodiversity update--progress in taxonomy, Science 298 (2002) 365.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

R. Bintanja, E.C. van der Linden, The changing seasonal climate in the Arctic, Sci. Rep. 3 (2013) 1556.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

N. Pfanner, N. Wiedemann, C. Meisinger, Cell biology. Double membrane fusion, Science 305 (2004) 1723–1724.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

K. Horikawa, K. Ishimatsu, E. Yoshimoto, S. Kondo, H. Takeda, Noise-resistant and synchronized oscillation of the segmentation clock, Nature 441 (2006) 719–723.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

B.C. Dimond, Legal Aspects of Radiography and Radiology, Blackwell Science Ltd, Oxford, UK, 2008.

An edited book

[1]

P.I. Kogut, Optimal Control Problems for Partial Differential Equations on Reticulated Domains: Approximation and Asymptotic Analysis, Birkhäuser, Boston, MA, 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

T. Guo, F. Liu, C. Wu, Y. Ren, W. Wang, On $(k, n) ( k , n ) Visual Cryptography Scheme with t$ t Essential Parties, in: C. Padró (Ed.), Information Theoretic Security: 7th International Conference, ICITS 2013, Singapore, November 28-30, 2013, Proceedings, Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2014: pp. 56–68.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Electrochemistry Communications.

Blog post

[1]

J. Davis, Elephants Born To Stressed Mothers Age Faster, IFLScience (2015). https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/elephants-born-stressed-mothers-age-faster/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Social Security Offsets: Improvements to Program Design Could Better Assist Older Student Loan Borrowers with Obtaining Permitted Relief, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 2016.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

D.L. Sutton, Preparing instrumental teachers: A resource for volunteer, lay music teachers in Salvation Army churches, Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach, 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

J. Wagner, Mets’ Leadoff Hitter Technically Is Not Missing, but His Bat Has Vanished, New York Times (2017) SP3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Electrochemistry Communications
Abbreviation	Electrochem. commun.
ISSN (print)	1388-2481
Scope	Electrochemistry