How to format your references using the Education 3-13 citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Education 3-13. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Macilwain, C. 2000. “US Energy Agency Pulls Plug on Role in Genome Project.” Nature 404 (6773): 4.

A journal article with 2 authors

Vaughn, Dawn, and Richard R. Strathmann. 2008. “Predators Induce Cloning in Echinoderm Larvae.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 319 (5869): 1503.

A journal article with 3 authors

Bragg, Arthur E., Molly C. Cavanagh, and Benjamin J. Schwartz. 2008. “Linear Response Breakdown in Solvation Dynamics Induced by Atomic Electron-Transfer Reactions.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 321 (5897): 1817–1822.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Roberts, C. M., J. A. Bohnsack, F. Gell, J. P. Hawkins, and R. Goodridge. 2001. “Effects of Marine Reserves on Adjacent Fisheries.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 294 (5548): 1920–1923.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Bartlett, Kenneth. 2016. The Experience of History. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Ceri, Stefano. 2013. Web Information Retrieval. Edited by Alessandro Bozzon, Marco Brambilla, Emanuele Della Valle, Piero Fraternali, and Silvia Quarteroni. Data-Centric Systems and Applications. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Kim, Kiyoung, Jonghee Park, and Woontack Woo. 2009. “Marker-Less Tracking for Multi-Layer Authoring in AR Books.” In Entertainment Computing – ICEC 2009: 8th International Conference, Paris, France, September 3-5, 2009. Proceedings, edited by Stéphane Natkin and Jérôme Dupire, 48–59. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Education 3-13.

Blog post

Andrew, Elise. 2015. “Louisiana Teachers Are Using The Bible in Science Class.” IFLScience. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2008. Federal Research: Opportunities Exist to Improve the Management and Oversight of Federally Funded Research and Development Centers. GAO-09-15. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Havill, Nancy L. 2012. “Therapeutic Landscapes for Birth: A Research Synthesis.” Doctoral dissertation, Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Wagner, James. 2017. “Baseball; Mets’ Wright Has Another Operation.” New York Times, October 6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Macilwain 2000).
This sentence cites two references (Macilwain 2000; Vaughn and Strathmann 2008).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Vaughn and Strathmann 2008)
Three authors: (Bragg, Cavanagh, and Schwartz 2008)
4 or more authors: (Roberts et al. 2001)

About the journal

Full journal title	Education 3-13
Abbreviation	Educ. 3 13
ISSN (print)	0300-4279
ISSN (online)	1475-7575
Scope	Education Life-span and Life-course Studies