How to format your references using the Education 3-13 citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Education 3-13. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Friedman, Jeffrey. 2014. “Douglas Coleman (1931-2014).” Nature 509 (7502): 564.

A journal article with 2 authors

Wiseman, Bryony S., and Zena Werb. 2002. “Stromal Effects on Mammary Gland Development and Breast Cancer.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 296 (5570): 1046–1049.

A journal article with 3 authors

Pál, Csaba, Balázs Papp, and Laurence D. Hurst. 2003. “Genomic Function: Rate of Evolution and Gene Dispensability.” Nature 421 (6922): 496–497; discussion 497-8.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Wu, Xiaoyong, Shu Yin, Qiang Dong, Bin Liu, Yuhua Wang, Tohru Sekino, Soo Wohn Lee, and Tsugio Sato. 2013. “UV, Visible and near-Infrared Lights Induced NOx Destruction Activity of (Yb,Er)-NaYF₄/C-TiO₂ Composite.” Scientific Reports 3 (October): 2918.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Pickles, John, Adrian Smith, Robert Begg, Milan Buček, Poli Roukova, and Rudolf Pástor. 2015. Articulations of Capital. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Tanaka, Koji, Francesco Berto, Edwin Mares, and Francesco Paoli, eds. 2013. Paraconsistency: Logic and Applications. Vol. 26. Logic, Epistemology, and the Unity of Science. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.

A chapter in an edited book

Michail, Sonia, and Mun-Wah Ng. 2013. “Inflammation, Microflora, Motility, and Visceral Sensitivity.” In Pediatric Neurogastroenterology: Gastrointestinal Motility and Functional Disorders in Children, edited by Christophe Faure, Carlo Di Lorenzo, and Nikhil Thapar, 49–58. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Education 3-13.

Blog post

Andrew, Elise. 2014. “How Hostile Is Space?” IFLScience. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2012. Space Acquisitions: DOD Faces Challenges in Fully Realizing Benefits of Satellite Acquisition Improvements. GAO-12-563T. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Vargas, Alma Rebecca. 2010. “Implementing Modern Geographic Technology in the Trucking Industry: A Case Study.” Doctoral dissertation, Long Beach, CA: California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kishkovsky, Sophia. 2005. “Russian Legislators Vote to Condemn Anti-Semitism.” New York Times, February 5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Friedman 2014).
This sentence cites two references (Friedman 2014; Wiseman and Werb 2002).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Wiseman and Werb 2002)
Three authors: (Pál, Papp, and Hurst 2003)
4 or more authors: (Wu et al. 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Education 3-13
Abbreviation	Educ. 3 13
ISSN (print)	0300-4279
ISSN (online)	1475-7575
Scope	Education Life-span and Life-course Studies