How to format your references using the Education 3-13 citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Education 3-13. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Humphries, Courtney. 2013. “Latency: A Sleeping Giant.” Nature 502 (7470): S14-5.

A journal article with 2 authors

Green, Phil, and Brent Ewing. 2013. “Comment on ‘Evidence of Abundant Purifying Selection in Humans for Recently Acquired Regulatory Functions.’” Science (New York, N.Y.) 340 (6133): 682.

A journal article with 3 authors

Berton, Olivier, Chang-Gyu Hahn, and Michael E. Thase. 2012. “Are We Getting Closer to Valid Translational Models for Major Depression?” Science (New York, N.Y.) 338 (6103): 75–79.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Wheeler, Thurman M., Krzysztof Sobczak, John D. Lueck, Robert J. Osborne, Xiaoyan Lin, Robert T. Dirksen, and Charles A. Thornton. 2009. “Reversal of RNA Dominance by Displacement of Protein Sequestered on Triplet Repeat RNA.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 325 (5938): 336–339.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Ciobanu, Cristian V., Cai-Zhuang Wang, and Kai-Ming Ho. 2013. Atomic Structure Prediction of Nanostructures, Clusters and Surfaces. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.

An edited book

Alexeev, Valery. 2015. Moduli of Weighted Hyperplane Arrangements. Edited by Gilberto Bini, Martí Lahoz, Emanuele Macrí, and Paolo Stellari. Advanced Courses in Mathematics - CRM Barcelona. Basel: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Stai, Eleni, Vasileios Karyotis, and Symeon Papavassiliou. 2015. “On the Impact of Network Evolution on NUM Resource Allocation Problems in Wireless Multihop Networks.” In Ad-Hoc, Mobile, and Wireless Networks: 14th International Conference, ADHOC-NOW 2015, Athens, Greece, June 29 -- July 1, 2015, Proceedings, edited by Symeon Papavassiliou and Stefan Ruehrup, 62–75. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Education 3-13.

Blog post

Luntz, Stephen. 2016. “Local Trails Make Ant Cooperation Possible And Might Provide Pointers For Robots.” IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/local-trails-make-ant-cooperation-possible-and-might-provide-pointers-for-robots/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1988. Aircraft Preservation: Preserving DOD Aircraft Significant to Aviation History. NSIAD-88-170BR. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Pookcharoen, Suphawat. 2009. “Metacognitive Online Reading Strategies among Thai EFL University Students.” Doctoral dissertation, Bloomington, IN: Indiana University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Walsh, Mary Williams, and Michael Corkery. 2015. “Puerto Rican Bank Left Debt, Not Development.” New York Times, November 30.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Humphries 2013).
This sentence cites two references (Humphries 2013; Green and Ewing 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Green and Ewing 2013)
Three authors: (Berton, Hahn, and Thase 2012)
4 or more authors: (Wheeler et al. 2009)

About the journal

Full journal title	Education 3-13
Abbreviation	Educ. 3 13
ISSN (print)	0300-4279
ISSN (online)	1475-7575
Scope	Education Life-span and Life-course Studies