How to format your references using the Ecosystem Services citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Ecosystem Services. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Porto, J.V., 2008. Physics. Improving correlations despite particle loss. Science 320, 1300–1301.

A journal article with 2 authors

Jacob, L., Lum, L., 2007. Deconstructing the hedgehog pathway in development and disease. Science 318, 66–68.

A journal article with 3 authors

Wilkinson, J.J., Simmons, S.F., Stoffell, B., 2013. How metalliferous brines line Mexican epithermal veins with silver. Sci. Rep. 3, 2057.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Rembold, M., Loosli, F., Adams, R.J., Wittbrodt, J., 2006. Individual cell migration serves as the driving force for optic vesicle evagination. Science 313, 1130–1134.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Kulaev, I.S., Vagabov, V.M., Kulakovskaya, T.V., 2005. The Biochemistry of Inorganic Polyphosphates. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK.

An edited book

Harcourt, W. (Ed.), 2016. The Palgrave Handbook of Gender and Development: Critical Engagements in Feminist Theory and Practice. Palgrave Macmillan UK, London.

A chapter in an edited book

Cross, L.E., 2008. Relaxor Ferroelectrics, in: Lubitz, K., Wersing, W. (Eds.), Piezoelectricity: Evolution and Future of a Technology, Springer Series in Materials Science. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 131–155.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Ecosystem Services.

Blog post

Davis, J., 2015. Scientists Have Developed A Patch That Regenerates Damaged Heart Tissue [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/scientists-develop-patch-which-may-regenerate-damaged-heart-tissue/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1991. Reports and Testimony: August 1991 (No. OPA-91-13). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Shore, L.A., 2014. The anima in animation: Miyazaki heroines and post-patriarchal consciousness (Doctoral dissertation). Pacifica Graduate Institute, Carpinteria, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Walsh, M.W., 2016. In Puerto Rico, Talks Resume Between Utility and Creditors. New York Times B6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Porto, 2008).
This sentence cites two references (Jacob and Lum, 2007; Porto, 2008).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Jacob and Lum, 2007)
Three or more authors: (Rembold et al., 2006)

About the journal

Full journal title	Ecosystem Services
Abbreviation	Ecosyst. Serv.
ISSN (print)	2212-0416
Scope	Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous) Ecology Global and Planetary Change Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law Nature and Landscape Conservation Geography, Planning and Development

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