How to format your references using the Ecosystem Services citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Ecosystem Services. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Crow, M.M., 2011. Time to rethink the NIH. Nature 471, 569–571.

A journal article with 2 authors

Haynes, B.F., Verkoczy, L., 2014. AIDS/HIV. Host controls of HIV neutralizing antibodies. Science 344, 588–589.

A journal article with 3 authors

Tschöp, M., Smiley, D.L., Heiman, M.L., 2000. Ghrelin induces adiposity in rodents. Nature 407, 908–913.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Volkman, H.E., Pozos, T.C., Zheng, J., Davis, J.M., Rawls, J.F., Ramakrishnan, L., 2010. Tuberculous granuloma induction via interaction of a bacterial secreted protein with host epithelium. Science 327, 466–469.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Loriaux, D.L., 2016. A Biographical History of Endocrinology. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK.

An edited book

Di Battista, T., Moreno, E., Racugno, W. (Eds.), 2016. Topics on Methodological and Applied Statistical Inference, Studies in Theoretical and Applied Statistics. Springer International Publishing, Cham.

A chapter in an edited book

von Bernstorff, J., 2016. Peace and Global Justice through Prosecuting the Crime of Aggression? Kelsen and Morgenthau on the Nuremberg Trials and the International Judicial Function, in: Telman, D.A.J. (Ed.), Hans Kelsen in America - Selective Affinities and the Mysteries of Academic Influence, Law and Philosophy Library. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp. 85–99.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Ecosystem Services.

Blog post

Hale, T., 2017. These Maps Show The Most Popular Porn Searches In Each US State [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1989. Pipeline Safety: New Risk Assessment Program Could Help Evaluate Inspection Cycle (No. RCED-89-107). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Safarian Bahri, P., 2017. Erosion Rate Prediction Model for Levee-Floodwall Overtopping Applications in Fine-Grained Soils (Doctoral dissertation). Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville, IL.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Bowley, G., Ember, S., 2015. Cosby Legal and Publicity Teams Opt for Silence After Admission Is Released. New York Times B3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Crow, 2011).
This sentence cites two references (Crow, 2011; Haynes and Verkoczy, 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Haynes and Verkoczy, 2014)
Three or more authors: (Volkman et al., 2010)

About the journal

Full journal title	Ecosystem Services
Abbreviation	Ecosyst. Serv.
ISSN (print)	2212-0416
Scope	Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous) Ecology Global and Planetary Change Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law Nature and Landscape Conservation Geography, Planning and Development