How to format your references using the Ecosystem Services citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Ecosystem Services. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Garrett, B.C., 2004. Chemistry. Ions at the air/water interface. Science 303, 1146–1147.

A journal article with 2 authors

Domon, B., Aebersold, R., 2006. Mass spectrometry and protein analysis. Science 312, 212–217.

A journal article with 3 authors

Terrones, H., López-Urías, F., Terrones, M., 2013. Novel hetero-layered materials with tunable direct band gaps by sandwiching different metal disulfides and diselenides. Sci. Rep. 3, 1549.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Min, J.-H., Yang, H., Ivan, M., Gertler, F., Kaelin, W.G., Jr, Pavletich, N.P., 2002. Structure of an HIF-1alpha -pVHL complex: hydroxyproline recognition in signaling. Science 296, 1886–1889.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Meghouar, H., 2016. Corporate Takeover Targets. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Ahmad, P., Azooz, M.M., Prasad, M.N.V. (Eds.), 2013. Ecophysiology and Responses of Plants under Salt Stress. Springer, New York, NY.

A chapter in an edited book

Abo, M., Kakuda, W., 2015. rTMS for Lower Limb Hemiparesis after Stroke, in: Kakuda, W. (Ed.), Rehabilitation with rTMS. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp. 109–126.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Ecosystem Services.

Blog post

Fang, J., 2016. Toxic Moth Uses Click Sounds To Warn Bats Of Its Foul Taste [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 2006. Aviation Security: TSA Has Strengthened Efforts to Plan for the Optimal Deployment of Checked Baggage Screening Systems, but Funding Uncertainties Remain (No. GAO-06-875T). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Schwartz, K.A., 2010. Dynamics of Teacher Self-Efficacy: Middle School Reading and Language Arts Teacher Responses on a Teacher Sense of Efficacy Scale (Doctoral dissertation). University of South Florida, Tampa, FL.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Wagner, J., 2017. Harvey and the Mets Struggle Again. New York Times B9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Garrett, 2004).
This sentence cites two references (Domon and Aebersold, 2006; Garrett, 2004).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Domon and Aebersold, 2006)
Three or more authors: (Min et al., 2002)

About the journal

Full journal title	Ecosystem Services
Abbreviation	Ecosyst. Serv.
ISSN (print)	2212-0416
Scope	Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous) Ecology Global and Planetary Change Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law Nature and Landscape Conservation Geography, Planning and Development