How to format your references using the Economies citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Economies. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Cifelli, R.L. Zofia Kielan-Jaworowska (1925-2015). Nature 2015, 520, 158.

A journal article with 2 authors

Duan, H.; Sun, C. Swarm Intelligence Inspired Shills and the Evolution of Cooperation. Sci. Rep. 2014, 4, 5210.

A journal article with 3 authors

Belmonte, A.; Di Clemente, R.; Buldyrev, S.V. The Italian Primary School-Size Distribution and the City-Size: A Complex Nexus. Sci. Rep. 2014, 4, 5301.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Noh, J.-K.; Kim, S.; Kim, H.; Choi, W.; Chang, W.; Byun, D.; Cho, B.-W.; Chung, K.Y. Mechanochemical Synthesis of Li₂MnO₃ Shell/LiMO₂ (M = Ni, Co, Mn) Core-Structured Nanocomposites for Lithium-Ion Batteries. Sci. Rep. 2014, 4, 4847.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Fan, J. Multiscale Analysis of Deformation and Failure of Materials; John Wiley & Sons, Ltd: Chichester, UK, 2010; ISBN 9780470972281.

An edited book

Practical Design Patterns for Teaching and Learning with Technology; Mor, Y., Mellar, H., Warburton, S., Winters, N., Eds.; Trails in Education, Technologies that Support Navigational Learning; SensePublishers: Rotterdam, 2014; ISBN 9789462095304.

A chapter in an edited book

Shah, S.K.; Nishi, S.P.E.; Sharma, G. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Older Patients. In Aging and Lung Disease: A Clinical Guide; Pisani, M., Ed.; Humana Press: Totowa, NJ, 2012; pp. 63–87 ISBN 9781607617266.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Economies.

Blog post

O`Callaghan, J. Space-Grown Salad To Be Eaten On ISS For The First Time Available online: https://www.iflscience.com/space/space-grown-lettuce-be-eaten-iss-first-time-astronauts-boldly-grow-where-no-crew-has-gone/ (accessed on 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office Alternative Market Mechanisms for the Student Loan Program; U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 2001;

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Bailey, C.N. The Influence of Gardens on Resilience in Older Adults Living in a Continuing Care Community. Doctoral dissertation, Florida Atlantic University: Boca Raton, FL, 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Burns, A.; Goodnough, A. Democrats Focus On Bill’s Stance On Prior Illness. New York Times 2017, A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Economies
ISSN (online)	2227-7099
Scope