How to format your references using the Economies citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Economies. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

van der Greef, J. Perspective: All Systems Go. Nature 2011, 480, S87.

A journal article with 2 authors

Richmond, B.G.; Jungers, W.L. Orrorin Tugenensis Femoral Morphology and the Evolution of Hominin Bipedalism. Science 2008, 319, 1662–1665.

A journal article with 3 authors

McCloskey, J.; Nalbant, S.S.; Steacy, S. Indonesian Earthquake: Earthquake Risk from Co-Seismic Stress. Nature 2005, 434, 291.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Leeman, D.S.; Hebestreit, K.; Ruetz, T.; Webb, A.E.; McKay, A.; Pollina, E.A.; Dulken, B.W.; Zhao, X.; Yeo, R.W.; Ho, T.T.; et al. Lysosome Activation Clears Aggregates and Enhances Quiescent Neural Stem Cell Activation during Aging. Science 2018, 359, 1277–1283.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Campbell, C.A. The One-Page Project Manager for It Projects; John Wiley & Sons, Inc.: Hoboken, NJ, 2008; ISBN 9781118256183.

An edited book

Computational Science – ICCS 2007: 7th International Conference, Beijing, China, May 27 - 30, 2007, Proceedings, Part IV; Shi, Y., Albada, G.D. van, Dongarra, J., Sloot, P.M.A., Eds.; Lecture Notes in Computer Science; Springer: Berlin, Heidelberg, 2007; Vol. 4490; ISBN 9783540725893.

A chapter in an edited book

Bushek, D.; Allen, D.M. Motile Suspension-Feeders in Estuarine and Marine Ecosystems. In The Comparative Roles of Suspension-Feeders in Ecosystems: Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on The Comparative Roles of Suspension-Feeders in Ecosystems Nida, Lithuania 4–9 October 2003; Dame, R.F., Olenin, S., Eds.; NATO Science Series IV: Earth and Environmental Series; Springer Netherlands: Dordrecht, 2005; pp. 53–71 ISBN 9781402030284.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Economies.

Blog post

Andrew, E. Explore Plants and Insects Magnified Thousands of Times! Available online: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/explore-plants-and-insects-magnified-thousands-times/ (accessed on 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office The Role of Field Operations in the Federal Communications Commission’s Regulatory Structure; U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 1978;

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Gonzalez, E.R. Technology and Adiposity: Effects of Television Time, Video or Computer Game Time, and Computer Use on Body Fat among Latino Youth. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach: Long Beach, CA, 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Gorman, J. Older Bonobos Could Sure Use Some Glasses. New York Times 2016, D6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Economies
ISSN (online)	2227-7099
Scope