How to format your references using the Earth System Dynamics Discussions citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Earth System Dynamics Discussions. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Whiten, A.: Animal behaviour: Incipient tradition in wild chimpanzees, Nature, 514, 178–179, 2014.

A journal article with 2 authors

Finke, D. L. and Snyder, W. E.: Niche partitioning increases resource exploitation by diverse communities, Science, 321, 1488–1490, 2008.

A journal article with 3 authors

Bonabeau, E., Dorigo, M., and Theraulaz, G.: Inspiration for optimization from social insect behaviour, Nature, 406, 39–42, 2000.

A journal article with 100 or more authors

Parasoglou, P., Xia, D., Chang, G., and Regatte, R. R.: Three-dimensional saturation transfer ³¹P-MRI in muscles of the lower leg at 3.0 T, Sci. Rep., 4, 5219, 2014.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Ugeux, G.: International Finance Regulation, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, 2014.

An edited book

Sorell, M. (Ed.): Forensics in Telecommunications, Information and Multimedia: Second International Conference, e-Forensics 2009, Adelaide, Australia, January 19-21, 2009, Revised Selected Papers, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, X, 221 p pp., 2009.

A chapter in an edited book

Backer, C. L.: Vascular Rings, Tracheoplasty, and Pulmonary Artery Sling, in: Atlas of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, edited by: Mavroudis, C. and Backer, C. L., Springer, London, 45–72, 2015.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Earth System Dynamics Discussions.

Blog post

The Legal Minefield Of 3D Printed Guns: https://www.iflscience.com/technology/the-legal-minefield-of-3d-printed-guns/, last access: 30 October 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office: Commercial Space: FAA Should Examine How to Appropriately Regulate Space Support Vehicles, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 2016.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Shan, J.: A Theoretical Investigation of Radial Lateral Wells with Shockwave Completion in Shale Gas Reservoirs, Doctoral dissertation, University of Louisiana, Lafayette, LA, 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Murphy, M. J. O.: 130 Years Ago: ‘War and Peace’ Finally Published in English, New York Times, 29th January, C29, 2016.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Whiten, 2014).
This sentence cites two references (Finke and Snyder, 2008; Whiten, 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Finke and Snyder, 2008)
Three or more authors: (Parasoglou et al., 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Earth System Dynamics Discussions
Abbreviation	Earth Syst. Dyn. Discuss.
ISSN (online)	2190-4995
Scope