How to format your references using the Earth System Dynamics Discussions citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Earth System Dynamics Discussions. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Houghton, J.: Meetings that changed the world: Madrid 1995: Diagnosing climate change, Nature, 455, 737–738, 2008.

A journal article with 2 authors

Yang, H.-I. and Zeng, F.-G.: Reduced acoustic and electric integration in concurrent-vowel recognition, Sci. Rep., 3, 1419, 2013.

A journal article with 3 authors

Moseley, R. L., Pulvermüller, F., and Shtyrov, Y.: Sensorimotor semantics on the spot: brain activity dissociates between conceptual categories within 150 ms, Sci. Rep., 3, 1928, 2013.

A journal article with 100 or more authors

Katayama, Y., Inamura, Y., Mizutani, T., Yamakata, M., Utsumi, W., and Shimomura, O.: Macroscopic separation of dense fluid phase and liquid phase of phosphorus, Science, 306, 848–851, 2004.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Altman, M. C.: Kant and Applied Ethics, Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, UK, 2011.

An edited book

Tay, L. Y. and Lim, C. P. (Eds.): Creating Holistic Technology-Enhanced Learning Experiences: Tales from a Future School in Singapore, SensePublishers, Rotterdam, XVIII, 224 p pp., 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

Özkaya, E., Nemili, A., and Gauger, N. R.: Application of Automatic Differentiation to an Incompressible URANS Solver, in: Recent Advances in Algorithmic Differentiation, edited by: Forth, S., Hovland, P., Phipps, E., Utke, J., and Walther, A., Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 35–45, 2012.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Earth System Dynamics Discussions.

Blog post

Ancient Virus Could Play A Role In Motor Neuron Disease: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/ancient-virus-could-play-role-motor-neuron-disease/, last access: 30 October 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office: B-2 Bomber: Contract Structure and Selected Provisions, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1990.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Mann, H. M.: Testing for differentially functioning indicators using mixtures of confirmatory factor analysis models, Doctoral dissertation, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Barron, J.: Keeping Historic, but Expensive, Fixer-Uppers Affordable, New York Times, 12th March, A20, 2017.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Houghton, 2008).
This sentence cites two references (Houghton, 2008; Yang and Zeng, 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Yang and Zeng, 2013)
Three or more authors: (Katayama et al., 2004)

About the journal

Full journal title	Earth System Dynamics Discussions
Abbreviation	Earth Syst. Dyn. Discuss.
ISSN (online)	2190-4995
Scope