How to format your references using the Drinking Water Engineering and Science Discussions citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Drinking Water Engineering and Science Discussions. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Sieradzki, K.: Materials science. Potential solutions for creating responsive materials, Science, 332, 1158–1159, 2011.

A journal article with 2 authors

Cowan, J. J. and Sneden, C.: Heavy element synthesis in the oldest stars and the early Universe, Nature, 440, 1151–1156, 2006.

A journal article with 3 authors

Jansen, V. A. A., Mashanova, A., and Petrovskii, S.: Comment on “Lévy walks evolve through interaction between movement and environmental complexity,” Science, 335, 918; author reply 918, 2012.

A journal article with 100 or more authors

Tromp, T. K., Shia, R.-L., Allen, M., Eiler, J. M., and Yung, Y. L.: Potential environmental impact of a hydrogen economy on the stratosphere, Science, 300, 1740–1742, 2003.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Hornberg, A.: Handbook of Machine and Computer Vision, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, Germany, 2017.

An edited book

Ebi, K. L., Burton, I., and McGregor, G. R. (Eds.): Biometeorology for Adaptation to Climate Variability and Change, Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, VIII, 281 p pp., 2009.

A chapter in an edited book

Balakrishnan, D., El Barachi, M., Karmouch, A., and Glitho, R.: Challenges in Modeling and Disseminating Context Information in Ambient Networks, in: Mobility Aware Technologies and Applications: Second International Workshop, MATA 2005, Montreal, Canada, October 17-19, 2005. Proceedings, edited by: Magedanz, T., Karmouch, A., Pierre, S., and Venieris, I., Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 32–42, 2005.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Drinking Water Engineering and Science Discussions.

Blog post

New Methane-Processing Microbes Hint At Common Metabolizing Ancestor:

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office: Higher Education: Tuition Continues to Rise, but Patterns Vary by Institution Type, Enrollment, and Educational Expenditures, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 2007.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Lee, S.: The Influence of Product Involvement and Fan Identification on Response to Team Sponsors’ Products, Doctoral dissertation, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 2005.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Crow, K.: Big Trucks Take More Detours, and Residents Near Holland Tunnel Just Smile, New York Times, 1st September, 145, 2002.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Sieradzki, 2011).
This sentence cites two references (Cowan and Sneden, 2006; Sieradzki, 2011).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Cowan and Sneden, 2006)
Three or more authors: (Tromp et al., 2003)

About the journal

Full journal title	Drinking Water Engineering and Science Discussions
Abbreviation	Drink. Water Eng. Sci. Discuss.
ISSN (online)	1996-9481
Scope