How to format your references using the Drinking Water Engineering and Science Discussions citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Drinking Water Engineering and Science Discussions. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Bucksbaum, P. H.: Applied physics. X-ray movies of wiggling crystals, Science, 306, 1691–1692, 2004.

A journal article with 2 authors

Baell, J. and Walters, M. A.: Chemistry: Chemical con artists foil drug discovery, Nature, 513, 481–483, 2014.

A journal article with 3 authors

Melcák, I., Hoelz, A., and Blobel, G.: Structure of Nup58/45 suggests flexible nuclear pore diameter by intermolecular sliding, Science, 315, 1729–1732, 2007.

A journal article with 100 or more authors

Dahan, M., Lévi, S., Luccardini, C., Rostaing, P., Riveau, B., and Triller, A.: Diffusion dynamics of glycine receptors revealed by single-quantum dot tracking, Science, 302, 442–445, 2003.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Olofsson, P.: Probabilities, John Wiley & Sons, Inc, Hoboken, NJ, 2014.

An edited book

Liukkunen, U. and Chen, Y. (Eds.): Fundamental Labour Rights in China - Legal Implementation and Cultural Logic, 1st ed. 2016., Springer International Publishing, Cham, XI, 269 p. 1 illus pp., 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

Heun, M. K., Carbajales-Dale, M., and Haney, B. R.: Stocks and Flows of Embodied Energy, in: Beyond GDP: National Accounting in the Age of Resource Depletion, edited by: Carbajales-Dale, M. and Haney, B. R., Springer International Publishing, Cham, 91–107, 2015.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Drinking Water Engineering and Science Discussions.

Blog post

NASA Announces The Discovery Of More Than 1,200 New Exoplanets: https://www.iflscience.com/space/nasa-announces-its-biggest-ever-haul-planets-beyond-solar-system/, last access: 30 October 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office: Shifting the Government’s Automatic Data Processing Requirements to the Private Sector: Further Study and Better Guidance Needed, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1978.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Adams, S.: A study of childhood eating habits in the United States and their association with race and gender, Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA, 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Crow, K.: Two Precincts, Two Worlds; East Flatbush: Stolen Cars, Murder in a Maroon Jeep, New York Times, 9th February, 141, 2003.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Bucksbaum, 2004).
This sentence cites two references (Baell and Walters, 2014; Bucksbaum, 2004).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Baell and Walters, 2014)
Three or more authors: (Dahan et al., 2003)

About the journal

Full journal title	Drinking Water Engineering and Science Discussions
Abbreviation	Drink. Water Eng. Sci. Discuss.
ISSN (online)	1996-9481
Scope