How to format your references using the Drinking Water Engineering and Science citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Drinking Water Engineering and Science. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Malakoff, D.: EARTH-MONITORING SATELLITES: Will the U.S. Bring Down the Curtain on Landsat?, Science, 288, 2309–2311, 2000.

A journal article with 2 authors

Apesteguía, S. and Zaher, H.: A Cretaceous terrestrial snake with robust hindlimbs and a sacrum, Nature, 440, 1037–1040, 2006.

A journal article with 3 authors

Stern, M., Umansky, V., and Bar-Joseph, I.: Exciton liquid in coupled quantum wells, Science, 343, 55–57, 2014.

A journal article with 100 or more authors

Kim, J. Y., Oh, M.-W., Lee, S., Cho, Y. C., Yoon, J.-H., Lee, G. W., Cho, C.-R., Park, C. H., and Jeong, S.-Y.: Abnormal drop in electrical resistivity with impurity doping of single-crystal Ag, Sci. Rep., 4, 5450, 2014.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Yukihara, E. G. and McKeever, S. W. S.: Optically Stimulated Luminescence, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK, 2011.

An edited book

Campilho, A. and Kamel, M. (Eds.): Image Analysis and Recognition: 7th International Conference, ICIAR 2010, Póvoa de Varzim, Portugal, June 21-23, 2010. Proceedings, Part I, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, XI, 460 p. 239 illus pp., 2010.

A chapter in an edited book

Morita, K.: Policies Towards Tackling Climate Change and Their Compatibility with the WTO, in: Contemporary Issues in Environmental Law: The EU and Japan, edited by: Nakanishi, Y., Springer Japan, Tokyo, 63–86, 2016.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Drinking Water Engineering and Science.

Blog post

Brain Stimulation Can Modify Learning In Humans: https://www.iflscience.com/brain/brain-stimulation-can-modify-learning-humans/, last access: 30 October 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office: Charter Schools: A Growing and Diverse National Reform Movement, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1995.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Lee, E.: Assessing the Well-Being Koreans and Korean Americans: Psychometric Validation Study for a Multidimensional Assessment of Well-Being, Doctoral dissertation, Pepperdine University, Malibu, CA, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly, J. L.: Preserving Our Relevance, New York Times, 4th September, SPORTS14, 1972.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Malakoff, 2000).
This sentence cites two references (Apesteguía and Zaher, 2006; Malakoff, 2000).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Apesteguía and Zaher, 2006)
Three or more authors: (Kim et al., 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Drinking Water Engineering and Science
Abbreviation	Drink. Water Eng. Sci.
ISSN (print)	1996-9457
ISSN (online)	1996-9465
Scope	Civil and Structural Engineering Pollution Water Science and Technology