How to format your references using the Differentiation citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Differentiation. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Abbott, A., 2003. Science in culture: Visual zoology. Historical wall charts found in Pavia. Nature 421, 580.

A journal article with 2 authors

Okawa, Y., Aono, M., 2001. Nanoscale control of chain polymerization. Nature 409, 683–684.

A journal article with 3 authors

Raymo, M.E., Lisiecki, L.E., Nisancioglu, K.H., 2006. Plio-Pleistocene ice volume, Antarctic climate, and the global delta18O record. Science 313, 492–495.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Mickelson, W., Aloni, S., Han, W.-Q., Cumings, J., Zettl, A., 2003. Packing C60 in boron nitride nanotubes. Science 300, 467–469.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Pozzilli, P., Lenzi, A., Clarke, B.L., Young, W.F., Jr, 2013. Imaging in Endocrinology. John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Chichester, UK.

An edited book

Naimzada, A.K., Stefani, S., Torriero, A. (Eds.), 2009. Networks, Topology and Dynamics: Theory and Applications to Economics and Social Systems, Lecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Dongol, B., Hayes, I.J., 2012. Rely/Guarantee Reasoning for Teleo-reactive Programs over Multiple Time Bands, in: Derrick, J., Gnesi, S., Latella, D., Treharne, H. (Eds.), Integrated Formal Methods: 9th International Conference, IFM 2012, Pisa, Italy, June 18-21, 2012. Proceedings, Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 39–53.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Differentiation.

Blog post

O`Callaghan, J., 2017. This Guy Hired A Helicopter To Snap The First Image Of A Secret New SpaceX Machine [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/space/this-guy-hired-a-helicopter-to-snap-the-first-image-of-a-secret-new-spacex-machine/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 2005. Head Start: Comprehensive Approach to Identifying and Addressing Risks Could Help Prevent Grantee Financial Management Weakenesses (No. GAO-05-176). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Stahlhut, C.W., 2012. Aerodynamic design optimization of proprotors for convertible-rotor concepts (Doctoral dissertation). University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Paulson, M., 2017. Michael Friedman, Co-Creator of ‘Bloody Bloody Andrew Jackson,’ Dies at 41. New York Times B7.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Abbott, 2003).
This sentence cites two references (Abbott, 2003; Okawa and Aono, 2001).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Okawa and Aono, 2001)
Three or more authors: (Mickelson et al., 2003)

About the journal

Full journal title	Differentiation
Abbreviation	Differentiation
ISSN (print)	0301-4681
Scope	Cancer Research Cell Biology Developmental Biology Molecular Biology