How to format your references using the Differentiation citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Differentiation. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Rowley, J.D., 2013. Genetics. A story of swapped ends. Science 340, 1412–1413.

A journal article with 2 authors

Becks, L., Agrawal, A.F., 2010. Higher rates of sex evolve in spatially heterogeneous environments. Nature 468, 89–92.

A journal article with 3 authors

Visser, K., Thunell, R., Stott, L., 2003. Magnitude and timing of temperature change in the Indo-Pacific warm pool during deglaciation. Nature 421, 152–155.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Bernhardt, T.G., Wang, I.N., Struck, D.K., Young, R., 2001. A protein antibiotic in the phage Qbeta virion: diversity in lysis targets. Science 292, 2326–2329.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Smith, V., 2012. Toni Morrison. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK.

An edited book

Suzuki, K., Higashino, T., Ulrich, A., Hasegawa, T. (Eds.), 2008. Testing of Software and Communicating Systems: 20th IFIP TC 6/WG 6.1 International Conference, TestCom 2008 8th International Workshop, FATES 2008 Tokyo, Japan, June 10-13, 2008 Proceedings, Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Hassan, M.M., 2015. Sustainable Processing of Luxury Textiles, in: Gardetti, M.A., Muthu, S.S. (Eds.), Handbook of Sustainable Luxury Textiles and Fashion: Volume 1, Environmental Footprints and Eco-Design of Products and Processes. Springer, Singapore, pp. 101–120.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Differentiation.

Blog post

Andrew, E., 2014. WHO Declares Ebola A Public Health Emergency [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/who-declares-ebola-public-health-emergency/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 2012. Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics Education: Survey of Federal Programs (GAO-12-110SP, January 2012), an E-supplement to GAO-12-108 (No. GAO-12-110SP). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Klein, K.A., 2009. Vocabulary acquisition via cross-situational learning (Doctoral dissertation). Indiana University, Bloomington, IN.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Vecsey, G., 2010. For the Yankees, A Chill in the Air. New York Times SP6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Rowley, 2013).
This sentence cites two references (Becks and Agrawal, 2010; Rowley, 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Becks and Agrawal, 2010)
Three or more authors: (Bernhardt et al., 2001)

About the journal

Full journal title	Differentiation
Abbreviation	Differentiation
ISSN (print)	0301-4681
Scope	Cancer Research Cell Biology Developmental Biology Molecular Biology