How to format your references using the Diagnostic Pathology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Diagnostic Pathology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

PaperpileThe citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNoteFind the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and othersThe style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeXBibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author
1. Seliktar D. Designing cell-compatible hydrogels for biomedical applications. Science. 2012;336:1124–8.
A journal article with 2 authors
1. Lawler A, Mervis J. 2001 BUDGET: NSF and NASA Score Last-Minute Victories. Science. 2000;290:683a.
A journal article with 3 authors
1. Eisenberger NI, Lieberman MD, Williams KD. Does rejection hurt? An FMRI study of social exclusion. Science. 2003;302:290–2.
A journal article with 7 or more authors
1. Ozcan U, Cao Q, Yilmaz E, Lee A-H, Iwakoshi NN, Ozdelen E, et al. Endoplasmic reticulum stress links obesity, insulin action, and type 2 diabetes. Science. 2004;306:457–61.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book
1. Bell M. Incremental Software Architecture. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc; 2016.
An edited book
1. Lago M, Mysiak J, Gómez CM, Delacámara G, Maziotis A, editors. Use of Economic Instruments in Water Policy: Insights from International Experience. 1st ed. 2015. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015.
A chapter in an edited book
1. Kinsella S, Breslin JG, Passant A, Decker S. Applications of Semantic Web Methodologies and Techniques to Social Networks and Social Websites. In: Baroglio C, Bonatti PA, Małuszyński J, Marchiori M, Polleres A, Schaffert S, editors. Reasoning Web: 4th International Summer School 2008, Venice, Italy, September 7-11, 2008, Tutorial Lectures. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2008. p. 171–99.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Diagnostic Pathology.

Blog post
1. Fang J. 520 Million Year Old Cardiovascular System Found [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/520-million-year-old-cardiovascular-system-found/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report
1. Government Accountability Office. Railroad Safety: DOT Faces Challenges in Improving Grade Crossing Safety, Track Inspection Standards, and Passenger Car Safety. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1996 Apr. Report No.: T-RCED-96-115.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation
1. Matthews LK. The impact of trait displaced aggression and social support on cardiovascular reactivity [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2016.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article
1. Frenkel S, Scott M, Mozur P. Mystery of Motive for a Ransomware Attack: Money, Mayhem or a Message? New York Times. 2017 Jun 28;A7.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal titleDiagnostic Pathology
AbbreviationDiagn. Pathol.
ISSN (online)1746-1596
ScopeGeneral Medicine
Histology
Pathology and Forensic Medicine

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