How to format your references using the Diagnostic Pathology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Diagnostic Pathology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Szidat S. Atmosphere. Sources of Asian haze. Science. 2009;323:470–1.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Gerde E, Marder M. Friction and fracture. Nature. 2001;413:285–8.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Bhowmick NA, Neilson EG, Moses HL. Stromal fibroblasts in cancer initiation and progression. Nature. 2004;432:332–7.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Sun C, Ma M, Yang J, Zhang Y, Chen P, Huang W, et al. Phase-controlled synthesis of α-NiS nanoparticles confined in carbon nanorods for high performance supercapacitors. Sci Rep. 2014;4:7054.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Serval J-F, Tranié J-P. The Monetary System. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2014.

An edited book

1. Carlson DL, Albright J, editors. Composing a Care of the Self: A Critical History of Writing Assessment in Secondary English Education. Rotterdam: SensePublishers; 2012.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Destexhe A, Rudolph-Lilith M. Integrative Properties in the Presence of Noise. In: Rudolph-Lilith M, editor. Neuronal Noise. Boston, MA: Springer US; 2012. p. 111–83.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Diagnostic Pathology.

Blog post

1. Taub B. Here’s Why You Shouldn’t Put Tomatoes In The Fridge. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Small Business Administration: Mandated Planning for Loan Monitoring System Is Not Complete. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1998 Jun. Report No.: AIMD-98-214R.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Arzaga CB. Homeless shelter program for the elderly in Los Angeles, California: A grant writing project [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Feeney K. Macarons of Her Own. New York Times. 2011 Apr 24;NJ10.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Diagnostic Pathology
Abbreviation	Diagn. Pathol.
ISSN (online)	1746-1596
Scope	General Medicine Histology Pathology and Forensic Medicine