How to format your references using the Design Studies citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Design Studies. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Brumfiel, G. (2003). Pumping row erodes hopes for underground lab. Nature, 423(6941), 674.

A journal article with 2 authors

Reches, Z., & Lockner, D. A. (2010). Fault weakening and earthquake instability by powder lubrication. Nature, 467(7314), 452–455.

A journal article with 3 authors

Stone, J. V., Hunkin, N. M., & Hornby, A. (2001). Predicting spontaneous recovery of memory. Nature, 414(6860), 167–168.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Davis, B. N., Hilyard, A. C., Lagna, G., & Hata, A. (2008). SMAD proteins control DROSHA-mediated microRNA maturation. Nature, 454(7200), 56–61.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Dmytryk, R. (2011). Wildlife Search and Rescue. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Hörmann, K. (2010). Surgery for Sleep Disordered Breathing (T. Verse, Ed.). Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Bernhardt, R. (2009). Discussion Following the Presentation by Rudolf Bernhardt. In U. Deutsch & R. Wolfrum (Eds.), The European Court of Human Rights Overwhelmed by Applications: Problems and Possible Solutions (pp. 37–50). Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Design Studies.

Blog post

Taub, B. (2016, November 16). “Princess Leia Brainwaves” Help Consolidate Memories While We Sleep. IFLScience; IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/brain/princess-leia-brainwaves-help-consolidate-memories-while-sleep/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1989). ADP Systems: VA Actions to Improve Management of Information Resources (IMTEC-89-24). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Clayton-Clark, C. (2012). Academic performance strategies implemented by successful California superintendents in low-performing school districts [Doctoral dissertation]. Pepperdine University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kishkovsky, S. (2011, October 2). Former Arsenal Houses Museum in Kiev, Ukraine. New York Times, TR2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Brumfiel, 2003).
This sentence cites two references (Brumfiel, 2003; Reches & Lockner, 2010).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Reches & Lockner, 2010)
Three authors: (Stone et al., 2001)
6 or more authors: (Davis et al., 2008)

About the journal

Full journal title	Design Studies
Abbreviation	Des. Stud.
ISSN (print)	0142-694X
Scope	Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) Artificial Intelligence Computer Science Applications General Engineering Architecture General Social Sciences