How to format your references using the Desalination citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Desalination. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

L. Montagnier, Historical essay. A history of HIV discovery, Science. 298 (2002) 1727–1728.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

K. King-Jones, C.S. Thummel, Developmental biology. Less steroids make bigger flies, Science. 310 (2005) 630–631.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

E.J. Levin, M. Quick, M. Zhou, Crystal structure of a bacterial homologue of the kidney urea transporter, Nature. 462 (2009) 757–761.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

M.D. Eisaman, A. André, F. Massou, M. Fleischhauer, A.S. Zibrov, M.D. Lukin, Electromagnetically induced transparency with tunable single-photon pulses, Nature. 438 (2005) 837–841.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

A. Sofronas, Case Histories in Vibration Analysis and Metal Fatigue for the Practicing Engineer, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, 2012.

An edited book

[1]

M.A. Khamashta, Antiphospholipid Syndrome Handbook, Springer, London, 2010.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

G. Aparicio, M. Ruiz-Roqueñi, E. Catalán, A Model for Implementing Non-specific Competencies (NSCs) in Degree Studies, Defined Using a Delphi Study in Spanish Universities, in: M. Peris-Ortiz, J.M. Merigó Lindahl (Eds.), Sustainable Learning in Higher Education: Developing Competencies for the Global Marketplace, Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2015: pp. 47–61.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Desalination.

Blog post

[1]

E. Andrew, Herschel Discovers Water Building Molecules Around Dying Stars, IFLScience. (2014). https://www.iflscience.com/space/herschel-discovers-water-building-molecules-around-dying-stars/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, By Making the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory a Federal Computer Center, the Department of Energy Can Save Millions While Serving Government Agencies, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1978.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

A. Pathak, The Role of the Protein Phosphatase 1 Inhibitor-1 In Regulation of Murine Cardiac Physiology and Progression of Cardiomyopathy, Doctoral dissertation, University of Cincinnati, 2006.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

B. Kenigsberg, Film Series, New York Times. (2017) C24.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Desalination
Abbreviation	Desalination
ISSN (print)	0011-9164
Scope	General Chemical Engineering General Chemistry Mechanical Engineering Water Science and Technology General Materials Science

Research and Writing Guides