How to format your references using the Demography citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Demography. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Feibelman, P. J. (2002). Partial dissociation of water on Ru(0001). Science (New York, N.Y.), 295(5552), 99–102.

A journal article with 2 authors

Alexandrakis, G., & Poulos, S. Ε. (2014). An holistic approach to beach erosion vulnerability assessment. Scientific reports, 4, 6078.

A journal article with 3 authors

Efremov, R. G., Baradaran, R., & Sazanov, L. A. (2010). The architecture of respiratory complex I. Nature, 465(7297), 441–445.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Moles, A. T., Ackerly, D. D., Webb, C. O., Tweddle, J. C., Dickie, J. B., & Westoby, M. (2005). A brief history of seed size. Science (New York, N.Y.), 307(5709), 576–580.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Rezg, N., Hajej, Z., & Boschian-Campaner, V. (2016). Production and Maintenance Optimization Problems. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Rice, M., & Shenoi, S. (Eds.). (2016). Critical Infrastructure Protection X: 10th IFIP WG 11.10 International Conference, ICCIP 2016, Arlington, VA, USA, March 14-16, 2016, Revised Selected Papers (Vol. 485). Cham: Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Ueno, K., Fukasawa, Y., Morihata, A., & Ohori, A. (2014). The Essence of Ruby. In J. Garrigue (Ed.), Programming Languages and Systems: 12th Asian Symposium, APLAS 2014, Singapore, Singapore, November 17-19, 2014, Proceedings (pp. 78–98). Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Demography.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2014, August 12). Study Provides Insight Into The Life And Death of Earth’s Earliest Animals. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/study-provides-insight-life-and-death-earth’s-earliest-animals/. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1983). The Air Force Can Improve Its Maintenance Information Systems (No. GGD-83-20). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Tafoya, A. (2010). Impact of HIV/AIDS stigma on seropositive Latinos along the United States-Mexico border (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Marx, L. (2014, April 6). Saying ‘Yes’ Before a Studio Audience. New York Times, p. ST18.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Feibelman 2002).
This sentence cites two references (Alexandrakis and Poulos 2014; Feibelman 2002).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Alexandrakis and Poulos 2014)
Three or more authors: (Moles et al. 2005)

About the journal

Full journal title	Demography
Abbreviation	Demography
ISSN (print)	0070-3370
ISSN (online)	1533-7790
Scope	Demography