How to format your references using the Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders Extra citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders Extra. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Malakoff D. ECONOMICS: “To Your Health” Is More Than a Toast to Economists. Science. 2000 Aug;289(5483):1275.

A journal article with 2 authors

Sitia R, Braakman I. Quality control in the endoplasmic reticulum protein factory. Nature. 2003 Dec;426(6968):891–4.

A journal article with 3 authors

Ciosk R, DePalma M, Priess JR. Translational regulators maintain totipotency in the Caenorhabditis elegans germline. Science. 2006 Feb;311(5762):851–3.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Ogi H, Fukukshima M, Hamada H, Noi K, Hirao M, Yagi H, et al. Ultrafast propagation of β-amyloid fibrils in oligomeric cloud. Sci Rep. 2014 Nov;4:6960.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Snape S. Ancient Egyptian Tombs. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell; 2011.

An edited book

Puce A, Bertenthal BI, editors. The Many Faces of Social Attention: Behavioral and Neural Measures. 1st ed. 2015. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

Sazeides Y, Moustakas A, Constantinides K, Kleanthous M. Improving Branch Prediction by Considering Affectors and Affectees Correlations. In: Stenström P, editor. Transactions on High-Performance Embedded Architectures and Compilers III. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2011; pp 69–88.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders Extra.

Blog post

Davis J. More Illegal Ivory Now Seized Annually Than Cocaine [Internet]. IFLScience. 2016 May [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/environment/more-illegal-ivory-now-seized-annually-cocaine/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Space Transportation: Critical Areas NASA Needs to Address in Managing Its Reusable Launch Vehicle Program. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2001.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Ledgister NL. A study of transformational leadership and job satisfaction among leaders in Jamaica Baptist Union churches. 2015

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Nir SM. For Family Reeling From Death in Times Square Crash, ‘Nothing Is Safe Anymore.’ New York Times. 2017 May;A21.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders Extra
Abbreviation	Dement. Geriatr. Cogn. Dis. Extra
ISSN (online)	1664-5464
Scope

Research and Writing Guides