How to format your references using the Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders Extra citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders Extra. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Schaetz T. Quantum physics: Entanglement beyond identical ions. Nature. 2015 Dec;528(7582):337–8.

A journal article with 2 authors

Kim SV, Flavell RA. Immunology. CD8alphaalpha and T cell memory. Science. 2004 Apr;304(5670):529–30.

A journal article with 3 authors

Abundo C, Monterola C, Legara EF. Criticality of forcing directions on the fragmentation and resilience of grid networks. Sci Rep. 2014 Aug;4:6195.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Nomura K, Ohta H, Takagi A, Kamiya T, Hirano M, Hosono H. Room-temperature fabrication of transparent flexible thin-film transistors using amorphous oxide semiconductors. Nature. 2004 Nov;432(7016):488–92.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Duffy DJ. Finite Difference Methods in Financial Engineering. Oxford, UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd; 2006.

An edited book

Geddes CD, Lakowicz JR, editors. Who’s Who in Fluorescence 2005. Boston, MA: Springer US; 2006.

A chapter in an edited book

Hall CR. Pathology of Radiation Effects on Healthy Tissues in the Pelvis. In: Ehrenpreis ED, Marsh R de W, Small W Jr, editors. Radiation Therapy for Pelvic Malignancy and its Consequences. New York, NY: Springer; 2015; pp 79–86.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders Extra.

Blog post

Andrew E. How Can ‘Cured’ Ebola Patients Fall Sick Again Months After Recovery? [Internet]. IFLScience. 2015 Oct

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Early Childhood Programs: Characteristics Affect the Availability of School Readiness Information. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2000.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Wright EA. Assessing Leadership Behaviors and Demographic Characteristics of Project Managers Associated Through LinkedIn. 2012

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Paulson M. ‘Oslo’ Gets a Bump At the Box Office. New York Times. 2017 Jun;C3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders Extra
Abbreviation	Dement. Geriatr. Cogn. Dis. Extra
ISSN (online)	1664-5464
Scope