How to format your references using the Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders Extra citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders Extra. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Willyard C. Joining forces. Nature. 2010 Jul;466(7304):S9-10.

A journal article with 2 authors

Hörber JKH, Miles MJ. Scanning probe evolution in biology. Science. 2003 Nov;302(5647):1002–5.

A journal article with 3 authors

Pulendran B, Palucka K, Banchereau J. Sensing pathogens and tuning immune responses. Science. 2001 Jul;293(5528):253–6.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Matsusaka S, Kobayakawa M, Mizutani M, Imran M, Yasuda M. Bubbling behavior of a fluidized bed of fine particles caused by vibration-induced air inflow. Sci Rep. 2013 Feb;3:1190.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Rodriguez J, Bonne D. Stereoselective Multiple Bond-Forming Transformations in Organic Synthesis. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc; 2015.

An edited book

Campbell HEAE. Modular Invariant Theory. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

Schättler H, Ledzewicz U. Optimal Control for Problems with a Quadratic Cost Functional on the Therapeutic Agents. In: Ledzewicz U, editor. Optimal Control for Mathematical Models of Cancer Therapies: An Application of Geometric Methods. New York, NY: Springer; 2015; pp 141–70.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders Extra.

Blog post

Hale T. Indonesia Sets Fire To Endangered Stuffed Animals In Their Fight Against Poachers [Internet]. IFLScience. 2016 May [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/indonesia-sets-fire-endangered-stuffed-animals-their-fight-poachers/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Activities of the Economic Opportunities Development Corporation of San Antonio and Bexar County, Texas. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1978.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Cong M. A Comparative Analysis of Acculturative Stress Among Mainland Chinese and Taiwanese International Students at a Hispanic Serving University. 2017

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Crow K. Claude Brown’s Harlem, Still on the Mind. New York Times. 2002 Feb;144.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders Extra
Abbreviation	Dement. Geriatr. Cogn. Dis. Extra
ISSN (online)	1664-5464
Scope