How to format your references using the Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Mouillet D. Astronomy. Nearby planetary disks. Science. 2004;303:1982–3.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Yuan F, Huang L. Brittle to ductile transition in densified silica glass. Sci Rep. 2014;4:5035.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Brad Adams J, Mann ME, Ammann CM. Proxy evidence for an El Niño-like response to volcanic forcing. Nature. 2003;426:274–8.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Krishnakumar R, Gamble MJ, Frizzell KM, Berrocal JG, Kininis M, Kraus WL. Reciprocal binding of PARP-1 and histone H1 at promoters specifies transcriptional outcomes. Science. 2008;319:819–21.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Jensen RC. Risk-Reduction Methods for Occupational Safety and Health. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2012.

An edited book

1. Hetzer R, Rankin JS, Yankah CA, editors. Mitral Valve Repair. Heidelberg: Steinkopff; 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Ford ES, Liu S. Insulin Resistance, Metabolic Syndrome, and Cardiovascular Disease. In: Hansen BC, Bray GA, editors. The Metabolic Syndrome: Epidemiology Clinical Treatment and Underlying Mechanisms. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press; 2008. p. 75–84.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine.

Blog post

1. Davis J. No, This Survey Does Not Show That How Much Porn Men Watch Is Linked To Sexual Dysfunction [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2017 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/no-this-survey-does-not-show-that-how-much-porn-men-watch-is-linked-to-sexual-dysfunction/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Higher Education and Disability: Education Needs a Coordinated Approach to Improve Its Assistance to Schools in Supporting Students. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2009 Oct. Report No.: GAO-10-33.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Tan C. Conceptualizing Psychological History: Edgar Allan Poe and the Themes of the Normal and the Pathological, Life and Death [Doctoral dissertation]. [Edwardsville, IL]: Southern Illinois University; 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Murphy MJO. Valentines, Vengeful and Comic, Through an Antique Lens. New York Times. 2016 Feb 12;C28.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine
Abbreviation	Curr. Rev. Musculoskelet. Med.
ISSN (print)	1935-973X
ISSN (online)	1935-9748
Scope	Orthopedics and Sports Medicine