How to format your references using the Culture and Brain citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Culture and Brain. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Brown, J. R. (2014). Climate science: El Niño’s variable history. Nature, 515(7528), 494–495.

A journal article with 2 authors

Trakhtenberg, E. F., & Goldberg, J. L. (2011). Immunology. Neuroimmune communication. Science (New York, N.Y.), 334(6052), 47–48.

A journal article with 3 authors

Krieger, M. J., Billeter, J. B., & Keller, L. (2000). Ant-like task allocation and recruitment in cooperative robots. Nature, 406(6799), 992–995.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Pitman, J. L., McGill, J. J., Keegan, K. P., & Allada, R. (2006). A dynamic role for the mushroom bodies in promoting sleep in Drosophila. Nature, 441(7094), 753–756.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Hoffmann, K. (2005). System Integration. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Bagnoli, F., Satsiou, A., Stavrakakis, I., Nesi, P., Pacini, G., Welp, Y., et al. (Eds.). (2016). Internet Science: Third International Conference, INSCI 2016, Florence, Italy, September 12-14, 2016, Proceedings (Vol. 9934). Cham: Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Rodrigues, S. (2012). A Classroom Without Walls. In B. France & V. Compton (Eds.), Bringing Communities Together: Connecting Learners with Scientists or Technologists (pp. 61–72). Rotterdam: SensePublishers.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Culture and Brain.

Blog post

Hale, T. (2016, October 21). Scientists Find The “Physical Source” Of Depression. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/brain/scientists-find-the-physical-source-of-depression/. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1997). Domestic Aviation: Barriers Continue to Limit Competition (No. T-RCED-98-32). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Villegas, B. (2009). The optimization and characterization of superconducting magnesium diboride thin films (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

(nyt), S. K. (2005, March 16). World Briefing | Europe: Russia: Bounty Paid On Dead Chechen Leader. New York Times, p. A6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Brown 2014).
This sentence cites two references (Brown 2014; Trakhtenberg and Goldberg 2011).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Trakhtenberg and Goldberg 2011)
Three or more authors: (Pitman et al. 2006)

About the journal

Full journal title	Culture and Brain
Abbreviation	Cult. Brain
ISSN (print)	2193-8652
ISSN (online)	2193-8660
Scope