How to format your references using the Culture and Brain citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Culture and Brain. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Polak, T. (2015). Help others--and help your career. Science (New York, N.Y.), 350(6257), 246.

A journal article with 2 authors

Bravo-Abad, J., & Soljacić, M. (2008). Physics. A unified picture of laser physics. Science (New York, N.Y.), 320(5876), 623–624.

A journal article with 3 authors

Oxborrow, M., Breeze, J. D., & Alford, N. M. (2012). Room-temperature solid-state maser. Nature, 488(7411), 353–356.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Li, Q., Xue, C., Liu, J.-P., Wu, J.-F., Yang, S.-Q., Shao, C.-G., et al. (2018). Measurements of the gravitational constant using two independent methods. Nature, 560(7720), 582–588.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Perez, R. X., & Conkey, A. P. (2016). Troubleshooting Rotating Machinery. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley &;#38; Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Benvenisti, E., Gans, C., & Hanafi, S. (Eds.). (2007). Israel and the Palestinian Refugees (Vol. 189). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Chae, S. W., Lee, K. C., & Hahn, M. H. (2013). Exploring the Revelation Process for Individual Creativity Based on Exploitation and Exploration: A Physiological Experiment Approach. In K. C. Lee (Ed.), Digital Creativity: Individuals, Groups, and Organizations (pp. 61–78). New York, NY: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Culture and Brain.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2015, August 3). Empire State Building Lights Up With Images Of Endangered Animals. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/over-160-endangered-animals-projected-empire-state-building-raise-awareness-mass/. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1995). Resources, Community, and Economic Development Information Systems Issue Area: Active Assignments (No. AA-95-35(3)). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Miller, N. Y. (2017). Nutrition education series for female club soccer players 14 to 18 years of age (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kennedy, R., Davey, M., & Yaccino, S. (2014, January 14). Foundations Aim to Save Pensions in Detroit Crisis. New York Times, p. A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Polak 2015).
This sentence cites two references (Bravo-Abad and Soljacić 2008; Polak 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Bravo-Abad and Soljacić 2008)
Three or more authors: (Li et al. 2018)

About the journal

Full journal title	Culture and Brain
Abbreviation	Cult. Brain
ISSN (print)	2193-8652
ISSN (online)	2193-8660
Scope