How to format your references using the Cultural Trends citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Cultural Trends. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Stuart, J. S. (2001). A near-Earth asteroid population estimate from the LINEAR survey. Science (New York, N.Y.), 294(5547), 1691–1693.

A journal article with 2 authors

Sabatini, B. L., & Svoboda, K. (2000). Analysis of calcium channels in single spines using optical fluctuation analysis. Nature, 408(6812), 589–593.

A journal article with 3 authors

Asbury, C. L., Fehr, A. N., & Block, S. M. (2003). Kinesin moves by an asymmetric hand-over-hand mechanism. Science (New York, N.Y.), 302(5653), 2130–2134.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Feng, Y., Wei, H., Yang, S., Chen, Z., Wang, L., Kong, S., Zhao, G., & Liu, X. (2014). Competitive growth mechanisms of AlN on Si (111) by MOVPE. Scientific Reports, 4, 6416.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Zanotto, E. D. (2013). Crystals in Glass. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Tse, P. W., Mathew, J., Wong, K., Lam, R., & Ko, C. N. (Eds.). (2015). Engineering Asset Management - Systems, Professional Practices and Certification: Proceedings of the 8th World Congress on Engineering Asset Management (WCEAM 2013) & the 3rd International Conference on Utility Management & Safety (ICUMAS). Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Calgaro, C. O., Tanabe, E. H., Bertuol, D. A., Silvas, F. P. C., Espinosa, D. C. R., & Tenório, J. A. S. (2015). Leaching Processes. In H. M. Veit & A. Moura Bernardes (Eds.), Electronic Waste: Recycling Techniques (pp. 39–59). Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Cultural Trends.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2015, July 24). The ‘Mini Ice Age’ Hoopla Is A Giant Failure Of Science Communication. IFLScience; IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/mini-ice-age-hoopla-giant-failure-science-communication/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1979). Analysis of NASA’s Supplemental FY 1979 Budget Request (PSAD-79-59). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Hankins, S. (2010). A policy analysis of the Americans with Disability Act of 1990 [Doctoral dissertation]. California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Crow, K. (2001, September 2). Survivors of the Winds of Change. New York Times, 143.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Stuart, 2001).
This sentence cites two references (Sabatini & Svoboda, 2000; Stuart, 2001).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Sabatini & Svoboda, 2000)
Three authors: (Asbury et al., 2003)
6 or more authors: (Feng et al., 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Cultural Trends
ISSN (print)	0954-8963
ISSN (online)	1469-3690
Scope	Visual Arts and Performing Arts Communication Cultural Studies