How to format your references using the Crystals citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Crystals. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Kerp, H. Atmospheric CO2 from Fossil Plant Cuticles. Nature 2002, 415, 38.

A journal article with 2 authors

Simpson, G.G.; Dean, C. Arabidopsis, the Rosetta Stone of Flowering Time? Science 2002, 296, 285–289.

A journal article with 3 authors

Choi, C.H.; Hiromura, M.; Usheva, A. Transcription Factor IIB Acetylates Itself to Regulate Transcription. Nature 2003, 424, 965–969.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Kitamura, H.; Tsuneyuki, S.; Ogitsu, T.; Miyake, T. Quantum Distribution of Protons in Solid Molecular Hydrogen at Megabar Pressures. Nature 2000, 404, 259–262.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Cheng, V.S.; Tong, J.C. Building Sustainability in East Asia; John Wiley & Sons, Ltd: Chichester, UK, 2017; ISBN 9781119276975.

An edited book

Organic Farming, Prototype for Sustainable Agricultures: Prototype for Sustainable Agricultures; Bellon, S., Penvern, S., Eds.; Springer Netherlands: Dordrecht, 2014; ISBN 9789400779266.

A chapter in an edited book

Strickland, P.; Williams, K.M.; Laing, J.; Frost, W. The Use of Social Media in the Wine Event Industry: A Case Study of the High Country Harvest in Australia. In Successful Social Media and Ecommerce Strategies in the Wine Industry; Szolnoki, G., Thach, L., Kolb, D., Eds.; Applied Social Research Methods Series; Palgrave Macmillan US: New York, NY, 2016; pp. 74–92 ISBN 9781349888139.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Crystals.

Blog post

Andrews, R. Science Says You Should Really Stop Sticking Things Into Your Ears (accessed on 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office Student Aid: Financial Assistance to Scholarship Athletes; U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 1987;

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Merkurjev, D. Understanding Enhancer Role in Transcriptional Response. Doctoral dissertation, University of California San Diego: La Jolla, CA, 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Gasson, J. Swept Away. New York Times 2016, M2138.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Crystals
Abbreviation	Crystals (Basel)
ISSN (online)	2073-4352
Scope	General Chemical Engineering Inorganic Chemistry General Materials Science Condensed Matter Physics