How to format your references using the Crystals citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Crystals. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Mackay, A.L. Character-Building. Nature 2001, 410, 19.

A journal article with 2 authors

Kim, N.; Jinks-Robertson, S. dUTP Incorporation into Genomic DNA Is Linked to Transcription in Yeast. Nature 2009, 459, 1150–1153.

A journal article with 3 authors

Vafabakhsh, R.; Levitz, J.; Isacoff, E.Y. Conformational Dynamics of a Class C G-Protein-Coupled Receptor. Nature 2015, 524, 497–501.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Jochim, S.; Bartenstein, M.; Altmeyer, A.; Hendl, G.; Riedl, S.; Chin, C.; Hecker Denschlag, J.; Grimm, R. Bose-Einstein Condensation of Molecules. Science 2003, 302, 2101–2103.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Misstear, B.; Banks, D.; Clark, L. Water Wells and Boreholes; John Wiley & Sons, Ltd: Chichester, UK, 2017; ISBN 9781119080176.

An edited book

Recent Advances in Multimedia Signal Processing and Communications; Grgic, M., Delac, K., Ghanbari, M., Eds.; Studies in Computational Intelligence; Springer: Berlin, Heidelberg, 2009; Vol. 231; ISBN 9783642028991.

A chapter in an edited book

Friedman, H. Using Aikido and Transpersonal Psychology Concepts as Tools for Reconciling Conflict. In AiKiDô: The Trinity of Conflict Transformation; Wagner, W., Ed.; Elicitiva – Friedensforschung und Humanistische Psychologie; Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden: Wiesbaden, 2015; pp. 115–135 ISBN 9783658101657.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Crystals.

Blog post

Andrew, E. New Alzheimer’s Drug Shows Promise Available online: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/new-alzheimers-drug-shows-promise/ (accessed on 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office Student Discipline: Individuals With Disabilities Education Act; U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 2001;

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Hensley, A.L. Gender, Personality, and Coping: Unraveling Gender in Military Post -Deployment Physical and Mental Wellness. Doctoral dissertation, Capella University: Minneapolis, MN, 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Saslow, L. After Defeat, Islip Republicans Scramble to Find an Entry. New York Times 2007, LI2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Crystals
Abbreviation	Crystals (Basel)
ISSN (online)	2073-4352
Scope	General Chemical Engineering Inorganic Chemistry General Materials Science Condensed Matter Physics