How to format your references using the Crystals citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Crystals. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Tegmark, M. Measuring Spacetime: From the Big Bang to Black Holes. Science 2002, 296, 1427–1433.

A journal article with 2 authors

Herrera, A.M.; Cohn, M.J. Embryonic Origin and Compartmental Organization of the External Genitalia. Sci. Rep. 2014, 4, 6896.

A journal article with 3 authors

Kaneko, Y.; Nimmerjahn, F.; Ravetch, J.V. Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Immunoglobulin G Resulting from Fc Sialylation. Science 2006, 313, 670–673.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Hilgenkamp, H.; Ariando; Smilde, H.-J.H.; Blank, D.H.A.; Rijnders, G.; Rogalla, H.; Kirtley, J.R.; Tsuei, C.C. Ordering and Manipulation of the Magnetic Moments in Large-Scale Superconducting Pi-Loop Arrays. Nature 2003, 422, 50–53.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Hasslacher, C.; Böhm, S. Diabetes and the Kidney; John Wiley & Sons, Ltd: Chichester, UK, 2005; ISBN 9780470021613.

An edited book

Zhang, Y. Web Communities: Analysis and Construction; Yu, J.X., Hou, J., Eds.; Springer: Berlin, Heidelberg, 2006; ISBN 9783540277378.

A chapter in an edited book

Mayaux, P.; Eva, H.; Brink, A.; Achard, F.; Belward, A. Remote Sensing of Land-Cover and Land-Use Dynamics. In Earth Observation of Global Change: The Role of Satellite Remote Sensing in Monitoring the Global Environment; Chuvieco, E., Ed.; Springer Netherlands: Dordrecht, 2008; pp. 85–108 ISBN 9781402063572.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Crystals.

Blog post

Andrew, E. Trouble Strikes China’s Lunar Rover, Yutu Available online: https://www.iflscience.com/space/trouble-strikes-china’s-lunar-rover-yutu/ (accessed on 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office Internet Infrastructure: DHS Faces Challenges in Developing a Joint Public/Private Recovery Plan; U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 2006;

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Woodworth, J.W. Secure Semantic Search over Encrypted Big Data in the Cloud. Doctoral dissertation, University of Louisiana: Lafayette, LA, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Cowley, S. New York Attorney General Opens Inquiry on Student Debt. New York Times 2017, B3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Crystals
Abbreviation	Crystals (Basel)
ISSN (online)	2073-4352
Scope	General Chemical Engineering Inorganic Chemistry General Materials Science Condensed Matter Physics