How to format your references using the COPD Research and Practice citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for COPD Research and Practice. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Grayson M. Malaria. Nature. 2012;484:S13.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Li M, Izpisua Belmonte JC. Ageing: Genetic rejuvenation of old muscle. Nature. 2014;506:304–5.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Karnath HO, Ferber S, Himmelbach M. Spatial awareness is a function of the temporal not the posterior parietal lobe. Nature. 2001;411:950–3.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Peiter E, Maathuis FJM, Mills LN, Knight H, Pelloux J, Hetherington AM, et al. The vacuolar Ca2+-activated channel TPC1 regulates germination and stomatal movement. Nature. 2005;434:404–8.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Grous A. Fracture Mechanics 1. Hoboken, NJ USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2012.

An edited book

1. Solis-Oba R, Persiano G, editors. Approximation and Online Algorithms: 9th International Workshop, WAOA 2011, Saarbrücken, Germany, September 8-9, 2011, Revised Selected Papers. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2012.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Saetern K, Eiamkanitchat N. An Ensemble K-Nearest Neighbor with Neuro-Fuzzy Method for Classification. In: Boonkrong S, Unger H, Meesad P, editors. Recent Advances in Information and Communication Technology: Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Computing and Information Technology (IC2IT2014). Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2014. p. 43–51.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for COPD Research and Practice.

Blog post

1. Andrews R. Rapid Evolution Lets Tasmanian Devils Fight Back Against Fatal Cancer [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/rapid-evolution-tasmanian-devils-fight-back-against-fatal-cancer/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Transition Series: NASA Issues. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1988 Nov. Report No.: OCG-89-15TR.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Small CR. An investigation on the effect(s) of different modes of intervention for weight management on HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol production among United States veterans [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Pérez-Peña R, Schmidt MS. Woman Is Beheaded in Attack at Oklahoma Food Plant. New York Times. 2014 Sep 27;A12.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	COPD Research and Practice
ISSN (online)	2054-9040
Scope