How to format your references using the COPD Research and Practice citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for COPD Research and Practice. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Reines AE. Astrophysics: Giant black hole in a stripped galaxy. Nature. 2014;513:322–3.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Ingolia NT, Murray AW. Signal transduction. History matters. Science. 2002;297:948–9.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Branzei D, Vanoli F, Foiani M. SUMOylation regulates Rad18-mediated template switch. Nature. 2008;456:915–20.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Freudiger CW, Min W, Saar BG, Lu S, Holtom GR, He C, et al. Label-free biomedical imaging with high sensitivity by stimulated Raman scattering microscopy. Science. 2008;322:1857–61.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Hornberger G, Wiberg P. Numerical Methods in the Hydrological Sciences. Washington D. C.: American Geophysical Union; 2005.

An edited book

1. D’Onofrio M, editor. Ultrasonography of the Pancreas: Imaging and Pathologic Correlations. Milano: Springer; 2012.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Herrera F, Lozano M. Fuzzy Evolutionary Algorithms and Genetic Fuzzy Systems: A Positive Collaboration between Evolutionary Algorithms and Fuzzy Systems. In: Mumford CL, Jain LC, editors. Computational Intelligence: Collaboration, Fusion and Emergence. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2009. p. 83–130.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for COPD Research and Practice.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. No, Sunscreen Will Not Give You Cancer [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/no-sunscreen-will-not-give-you-cancer/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. K-12 Education: Selected Cases of Public and Private Schools That Hired or Retained Individuals with Histories of Sexual Misconduct. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2010 Dec. Report No.: GAO-11-200.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Valeika SR. The epidemiology of varicella under a two -dose vaccination strategy: Results of a mathematical transmission model with a novel strategy of sensitivity analysis [Doctoral dissertation]. [Chapel Hill, NC]: University of North Carolina; 2008.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Crow K. The Nanny Nightmare. New York Times. 2004 Apr 25;141.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	COPD Research and Practice
ISSN (online)	2054-9040
Scope