How to format your references using the COPD Research and Practice citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for COPD Research and Practice. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Frenking G. Another noble gas conquered. Nature. 2000;406:836–7.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Sugita Y, Suzuki Y. Audiovisual perception: Implicit estimation of sound-arrival time. Nature. 2003;421:911.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Wardle DA, Walker LR, Bardgett RD. Ecosystem properties and forest decline in contrasting long-term chronosequences. Science. 2004;305:509–13.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Utne-Palm AC, Salvanes AGV, Currie B, Kaartvedt S, Nilsson GE, Braithwaite VA, et al. Trophic structure and community stability in an overfished ecosystem. Science. 2010;329:333–6.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Lawless HT. Quantitative Sensory Analysis. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons; 2013.

An edited book

1. Cao F. A Theory of Shape Identification. Lisani J-L, Morel J-M, Musé P, Sur F, editors. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2008.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Levitan MA, Lavrushin YA. The Late Glacial Time and Holocene of Northern Eurasia. In: Lavrushin YA, editor. Sedimentation History in the Arctic Ocean and Subarctic Seas for the Last 130 kyr. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2009. p. 43–5.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for COPD Research and Practice.

Blog post

1. Carpineti A. Curious Object Discovered Near Famous Supermassive Black Hole [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2017 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/space/new-object-discovered-near-famous-supermassive-black-hole/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Technology: America’s Schools Not Designed or Equipped for 21st Century. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1995 Apr. Report No.: T-HEHS-95-127.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Pulice SW. The colonized child: Love, community, and wholeness as necessary elements of education [Doctoral dissertation]. [Carpinteria, CA]: Pacifica Graduate Institute; 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Shear MD. Trump, Inspired by France, Wants to Show Off Military Might With a July 4 Parade. New York Times. 2017 Sep 18;A16.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	COPD Research and Practice
ISSN (online)	2054-9040
Scope