How to format your references using the COPD Research and Practice citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for COPD Research and Practice. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Garwood R. Uprooting researchers can drive them out of science. Nature. 2014;510:313.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Mulcahy NJ, Call J. Apes save tools for future use. Science. 2006;312:1038–40.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Kageyama A, Miyagoshi T, Sato T. Formation of current coils in geodynamo simulations. Nature. 2008;454:1106–9.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Sekiyama A, Iwasaki T, Matsuda K, Saitoh Y, Onuki Y, Suga S. Probing bulk states of correlated electron systems by high-resolution resonance photoemission. Nature. 2000;403:396–8.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Kurimoto N, Fielding DIK, Musani AI. Endobronchial Ultrasonography. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell; 2011.

An edited book

1. Hansjürgens B, Antes R, editors. Economics and Management of Climate Change: Risks, Mitigation and Adaptation. New York, NY: Springer; 2008.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Mühlberg JT, Cleemput S, Mustafa MA, Van Bulck J, Preneel B, Piessens F. An Implementation of a High Assurance Smart Meter Using Protected Module Architectures. In: Foresti S, Lopez J, editors. Information Security Theory and Practice: 10th IFIP WG 112 International Conference, WISTP 2016, Heraklion, Crete, Greece, September 26–27, 2016, Proceedings. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016. p. 53–69.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for COPD Research and Practice.

Blog post

1. Davis J. Brain Scans May Be Able To Help Diagnose Babies At Risk Of Developing Autism [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2017 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/brain-scans-may-be-able-to-help-diagnose-babies-at-risk-of-developing-autism/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Federal Student Aid: Recent Changes to Eligibility Requirements and Additional Efforts to Promote Awarness Could Increase Academic Competitiveness and SMART Grant Participation. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2009 Mar. Report No.: GAO-09-343.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Miller DB. Nurse educators’ leadership styles and nurse graduates’ licensure passage rates [Doctoral dissertation]. [Phoenix, AZ]: University of Phoenix; 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Clarey C. Controlling Her Emotions, and Now Elevating Her Game. New York Times. 2017 Jan 24;B8.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	COPD Research and Practice
ISSN (online)	2054-9040
Scope