How to format your references using the Computing citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Computing. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Eisenstein M (2014) Personalized medicine: Special treatment. Nature 513:S8-9

A journal article with 2 authors

Siaj M, McBreen PH (2005) Creating, varying, and growing single-site molecular contacts. Science 309:588–590

A journal article with 3 authors

Lowes MA, Bowcock AM, Krueger JG (2007) Pathogenesis and therapy of psoriasis. Nature 445:866–873

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Roy M, Zinck RD, Bouma MJ, Pascual M (2014) Epidemic cholera spreads like wildfire. Sci Rep 4:3710

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Durbin PA, Reif BAP (2010) Statistical Theory and Modeling for Turbulent Flows. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK

An edited book

Wei R (2016) Mobile Media, Political Participation, and Civic Activism in Asia: Private Chat to Public Communication. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht

A chapter in an edited book

Bettinger P, Kim Y-H (2008) Spatial Optimisation – Computational Methods. In: Gadow K von, Pukkala T (eds) Designing Green Landscapes. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, pp 111–135

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Computing.

Blog post

Andrew E (2015) Bringing Maths Into Bedtime Stories Can Help Children Learn – And Make The Subject Less Scary For Parents Too. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/bringing-maths-bedtime-stories-can-help-children-learn-and-make-subject-less-scary/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1974) Problems in Providing Education Overseas for Dependents of U.S. Personnel. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Yalof B (2012) Marshaling Resources: A Classic Grounded Theory Study of Online Learners. Doctoral dissertation, Northcentral University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kishkovsky S (2007) After Celebrating Winning Bid, Russia Has Work Ahead. New York Times D2

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Computing
ISSN (print)	0010-485X
ISSN (online)	1436-5057
Scope	Computational Theory and Mathematics Computer Science Applications Software Computational Mathematics Numerical Analysis Theoretical Computer Science