How to format your references using the Computers and Geosciences citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Computers and Geosciences. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Albarede, F., 2008. A geochemist wonders about the Solar System’s true age. Nature 454, 807.

A journal article with 2 authors

Mackenzie, A.P., Grigera, S.A., 2005. Physics. A quantum critical route to field-induced superconductivity. Science 309, 1330–1331.

A journal article with 3 authors

Telford, R.J., Vandvik, V., Birks, H.J.B., 2006. Dispersal limitations matter for microbial morphospecies. Science 312, 1015.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Sachs, K., Perez, O., Pe’er, D., Lauffenburger, D.A., Nolan, G.P., 2005. Causal protein-signaling networks derived from multiparameter single-cell data. Science 308, 523–529.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Chen, G., Wang, X., Li, X., 2014. Fundamentals of Complex Networks. John Wiley & Sons Singapore Pte. Ltd, Singapore.

An edited book

Wetherbee, J., 2013. Beginning EJB 3: Java EE 7 Edition. Apress, Berkeley, CA.

A chapter in an edited book

Al-Tamimi, H.A.H., Lafi, A.S., Uddin, M.H., 2016. Bank Image in the UAE: Comparing Islamic and Conventional Banks, in: Harrison, T., Ibrahim, E. (Eds.), Islamic Finance: Principles, Performance and Prospects, Applied Social Research Methods Service. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp. 46–65.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Computers and Geosciences.

Blog post

O`Callaghan, J., 2015. Core Of Saturn’s Moon Enceladus May Be Similar To Primitive Meteorites [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/space/core-saturns-moon-enceladus-may-be-similar-primitive-meteorites/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 2015. Transportation Infrastructure: Information on Bridge Conditions (No. GAO-16-72R). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Monterosa, V.M., 2017. Digital Citizenship District-Wide: Examining the Organizational Evolution of an Initiative (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Barnard, A., 2016. Wary of Russian Guarantees, Residents Are Staying Put in Aleppo. New York Times A10.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Albarede, 2008).
This sentence cites two references (Albarede, 2008; Mackenzie and Grigera, 2005).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Mackenzie and Grigera, 2005)
Three or more authors: (Sachs et al., 2005)

About the journal

Full journal title	Computers and Geosciences
Abbreviation	Comput. Geosci.
ISSN (print)	0098-3004
Scope	Information Systems Computers in Earth Sciences