How to format your references using the Comparative Education citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Comparative Education. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Moore, John. 2003. “Stealth Ship Sets Sail for a Quiet Life Fishing for Data.” Nature 423 (6935): 7.

A journal article with 2 authors

Noble, Alex J., and Scott M. Stagg. 2015. “STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY. COPI Gets a Fancy New Coat.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 349 (6244): 142–143.

A journal article with 3 authors

De Marco García, Natalia V., Theofanis Karayannis, and Gord Fishell. 2011. “Neuronal Activity Is Required for the Development of Specific Cortical Interneuron Subtypes.” Nature 472 (7343): 351–355.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Gaggiotti, Oscar E., Felicity Jones, William M. Lee, William Amos, John Harwood, and Richard A. Nichols. 2002. “Patterns of Colonization in a Metapopulation of Grey Seals.” Nature 416 (6879): 424–427.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Mackevičius, Vigirdas. 2011. Introduction to Stochastic Analysis. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Sellmyer, David, and Ralph Skomski, eds. 2006. Advanced Magnetic Nanostructures. Boston, MA: Springer US.

A chapter in an edited book

David, Matthew. 2016. “The Legacy of Napster.” In Networked Music Cultures: Contemporary Approaches, Emerging Issues, edited by Raphaël Nowak and Andrew Whelan, 49–65. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Comparative Education.

Blog post

Luntz, Stephen. 2015. “Nitrogen-Fed Bacteria Could Power Our Future.” IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/technology/nitrogen-fed-bacteria-could-power-our-future/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1998. Responses to Questions on FAA’s Computer Security and Year 2000 Program. AIMD-98-301R. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Sugawara, Yosei. 2013. “When the Spaniels Conquered Central America: Academic English and First Year Composition Instruction.” Doctoral dissertation, Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Ortved, John. 2017. “Model Makes A Stand With Feminist Art.” New York Times, July 6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Moore 2003).
This sentence cites two references (Moore 2003; Noble and Stagg 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Noble and Stagg 2015)
Three authors: (De Marco García, Karayannis, and Fishell 2011)
4 or more authors: (Gaggiotti et al. 2002)

About the journal

Full journal title	Comparative Education
Abbreviation	Comp. Educ.
ISSN (print)	0305-0068
ISSN (online)	1360-0486
Scope	Education