How to format your references using the Cold Regions Science and Technology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Cold Regions Science and Technology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Maureille, B., 2002. A lost Neanderthal neonate found. Nature 419, 33–34.

A journal article with 2 authors

Miles, L., Kapos, V., 2008. Reducing greenhouse gas emissions from deforestation and forest degradation: global land-use implications. Science 320, 1454–1455.

A journal article with 3 authors

Kobayashi, K., Yoshimura, J., Hasegawa, E., 2013. Coexistence of sexual individuals and genetically isolated asexual counterparts in a thrips. Sci. Rep. 3, 3286.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Yang, A.S., Estecio, M.R.H., Garcia-Manero, G., Kantarjian, H.M., Issa, J.-P.J., 2003. Comment on “Chromosomal instability and tumors promoted by DNA hypomethylation” and “Induction of tumors in nice by genomic hypomethylation.” Science 302, 1153; author reply 1153.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Sengupta, D.L., Liepa, V.V., 2005. Applied Electromagnetics and Electromagnetic Compatibility. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Kern, T.A. (Ed.), 2009. Engineering Haptic Devices: A Beginner’s Guide for Engineers. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Hughes, M., Herrick, A.L., 2014. Nailfold Capillaroscopy, in: Mayes, M.D. (Ed.), A Visual Guide to Scleroderma and Approach to Treatment. Springer, New York, NY, pp. 37–49.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Cold Regions Science and Technology.

Blog post

Hale, T., 2016. How To Check If You’ve Been Hacked Within Seconds [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/technology/how-check-if-youve-been-hacked-within-seconds/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 2010. America COMPETES Act: It Is Too Early to Evaluate Programs Long-Term Effectiveness, but Agencies Could Improve Reporting of High-Risk, High-Reward Research Priorities (No. GAO-11-127R). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Christiansen, D.A., 2012. Investigation of magnetic proximity effect in ferromagnet/superconductor thin films by low temperature Magneto Optical Kerr Effect measurement (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Hodara, S., 2017. Scenic Lakes and, Soon, a Town Center. New York Times RE7.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Maureille, 2002).
This sentence cites two references (Maureille, 2002; Miles and Kapos, 2008).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Miles and Kapos, 2008)
Three or more authors: (Yang et al., 2003)

About the journal

Full journal title	Cold Regions Science and Technology
Abbreviation	Cold Reg. Sci. Technol.
ISSN (print)	0165-232X
Scope	General Earth and Planetary Sciences Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology