How to format your references using the Clinical Queries: Nephrology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Clinical Queries: Nephrology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Macilwain C. Handle with care. Nature. 2006;440(7087):990-991.

A journal article with 2 authors

Kippenberg TJ, Vahala KJ. Cavity optomechanics: back-action at the mesoscale. Science. 2008;321(5893):1172-1176.

A journal article with 3 authors

Lee ASY, Kranzusch PJ, Cate JHD. eIF3 targets cell-proliferation messenger RNAs for translational activation or repression. Nature. 2015;522(7554):111-114.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Wagner K, Janousek J, Delaubert V, et al. Entangling the spatial properties of laser beams. Science. 2008;321(5888):541-543.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Naini FB. Facial Aesthetics. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.; 2011.

An edited book

ElMaraghy HA, ed. Enabling Manufacturing Competitiveness and Economic Sustainability: Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Changeable, Agile, Reconfigurable and Virtual Production (CARV2011), Montreal, Canada, 2-5 October 2011. Springer; 2012.

A chapter in an edited book

Benson DJ, Iyengar S, Krause H. Friday. In: Iyengar S, Krause H, eds. Representations of Finite Groups: Local Cohomology and Support. Springer; 2012:79-91.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Clinical Queries: Nephrology.

Blog post

Luntz S. Hunter-Gatherer Societies Have Three-Tiered Social Networks. IFLScience. July 21, 2016. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/hunter-gatherer-societies-have-three-tiered-social-networks/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Space Shuttle: Costs for Hubble Servicing Mission and Implementation of Safety Recommendations Not Yet Definitive. U.S. Government Printing Office; 2004.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Eng R. Exploring Investors’ Decision Making Processes During the 2008 Financial Crisis Using Epstein’s Cognitive Experiential Self-Theory: A Multiple-Case Study. Doctoral dissertation. Northcentral University; 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Neuman W. Mayor Ousted In Colombia After Claims Of Bungling. New York Times. December 10, 2013:A6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Clinical Queries: Nephrology
ISSN (print)	2211-9477
Scope