How to format your references using the Clinical Nuclear Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Clinical Nuclear Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Zheng JQ. Turning of nerve growth cones induced by localized increases in intracellular calcium ions. Nature. 2000;403:89–93.

A journal article with 2 authors

Clayton J, Butler D. The long and winding road. Nature. 2004;430:937.

A journal article with 3 authors

Lourens LJ, Wehausen R, Brumsack HJ. Geological constraints on tidal dissipation and dynamical ellipticity of the Earth over the past three million years. Nature. 2001;409:1029–1033.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Kimoto H, Haga S, Sato K, et al. Sex-specific peptides from exocrine glands stimulate mouse vomeronasal sensory neurons. Nature. 2005;437:898–901.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Remy J-G, Letamendia C. LTE Standards. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2014.

An edited book

Cleophas TJ. Machine Learning in Medicine - Cookbook Three. Zwinderman AH, editor. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

Denhart M, Villwock R, Vedder R. The Academics–Athletics Trade-Off: Universities and Intercollegiate Athletics. In: Hall JC, editor. Doing More with Less: Making Colleges Work Better. New York, NY: Springer; 2010. page 95–136.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Clinical Nuclear Medicine.

Blog post

Andrew E. Incredible Visualization of European Air Traffic [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014 [cited 2018]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/technology/incredible-visualization-european-air-traffic/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Space Operations: NASA’s Use of Information Technology. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1987. Report No.: IMTEC-87-20.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Aldaco R. Latinas attainment of higher education: What factors contribute to their success? [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Prochnik G. He Remade Kings. New York Times. 2017;BR17.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Clinical Nuclear Medicine
Abbreviation	Clin. Nucl. Med.
ISSN (print)	0363-9762
ISSN (online)	1536-0229
Scope	General Medicine Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging

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