How to format your references using the Clinical and Experimental Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Clinical and Experimental Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Zhang L. China must act decisively to eradicate the ivory trade. Nature. 2015;527:135.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Muerdter F, Stark A. Genomics: Hiding in plain sight. Nature. 2014;512:374–5.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Dragert G, Wang K, James TS. A silent slip event on the deeper Cascadia subduction interface. Science. 2001;292:1525–8.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Shalapour S, Lin X-J, Bastian IN, Brain J, Burt AD, Aksenov AA, et al. Author Correction: Inflammation-induced IgA+ cells dismantle anti-liver cancer immunity. Nature. 2018;561:E1.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Blicq RS, Moretto LA. Writing Reports to Get Results. New York, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2015.

An edited book

1. Öchsner A, Silva LFM da, Altenbach H, editors. Characterization and Development of Biosystems and Biomaterials. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Lavelli A. An Ensemble Model for the EVALITA 2011 Dependency Parsing Task. In: Magnini B, Cutugno F, Falcone M, Pianta E, editors. Evaluation of Natural Language and Speech Tools for Italian: International Workshop, EVALITA 2011, Rome, January 24-25, 2012, Revised Selected Papers. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2013. p. 30–6.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Clinical and Experimental Medicine.

Blog post

1. Fang J. Measles Mary: An Outbreak Among Vaccinated Patients [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/measles-mary-outbreak-among-vaccinated-patients/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. President’s Sixth Special Message for Fiscal Year 1985. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1985 Apr. Report No.: OGC-85-7.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Janice J. Preschoolers’ Prosocial Responding to Social Others’ Distress [Doctoral dissertation]. [ Lafayette, LA]: University of Louisiana; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Hodgman J. Bonus Advice From Judge John Hodgman. New York Times. 2017 Apr 28;MM22.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Clinical and Experimental Medicine
Abbreviation	Clin. Exp. Med.
ISSN (online)	1591-9528
Scope	General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology General Medicine

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