How to format your references using the Clinical and Experimental Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Clinical and Experimental Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Weintraub K. Drug development: Releasing the brakes. Nature. 2013;504:S6-8.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Goyal SK, Konrad T. Teleporting photonic qudits using multimode quantum scissors. Sci Rep. 2013;3:3548.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Zhou Z, Clarke JA, Zhang F. Archaeoraptor’s better half. Nature. 2002;420:285.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Shio MT, Paquet M, Martel C, Bosschaerts T, Stienstra S, Olivier M, et al. Drug delivery by tattooing to treat cutaneous leishmaniasis. Sci Rep. 2014;4:4156.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Bannwarth H. Liquid Ring Vacuum Pumps, Compressors and Systems. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA; 2005.

An edited book

1. Ciappi E, De Rosa S, Franco F, Guyader J-L, Hambric SA, editors. Flinovia - Flow Induced Noise and Vibration Issues and Aspects: A Focus on Measurement, Modeling, Simulation and Reproduction of the Flow Excitation and Flow Induced Response. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Cambria E, Mazzocco T, Hussain A, Durrani T. Switching Between Different Ways to Think. In: Esposito A, Vinciarelli A, Vicsi K, Pelachaud C, Nijholt A, editors. Analysis of Verbal and Nonverbal Communication and Enactment The Processing Issues: COST 2102 International Conference, Budapest, Hungary, September 7-10, 2010, Revised Selected Papers. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2011. p. 56–69.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Clinical and Experimental Medicine.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. Semi-Synthetic Organism Uses New DNA Bases [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/semi-synthetic-organism-uses-new-dna-bases/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. DOD Education Benefits: Increased Oversight of Tuition Assistance Program Is Needed. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2011 Mar. Report No.: GAO-11-300.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Shendge PN. Improvement in Estimation of Carrier Frequency Offset in Wireless Networks [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Dominus S. Stride Rights. New York Times. 2015 Apr 23;MM28.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Clinical and Experimental Medicine
Abbreviation	Clin. Exp. Med.
ISSN (online)	1591-9528
Scope	General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology General Medicine