How to format your references using the Civil Engineering and Environmental Systems citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Civil Engineering and Environmental Systems. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Diamond, J. 2001. “Unwritten Knowledge.” Nature 410 (6828): 521.

A journal article with 2 authors

MacCoss, Malcolm, and Thomas A. Baillie. 2004. “Organic Chemistry in Drug Discovery.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 303 (5665): 1810–1813.

A journal article with 3 authors

Ostojic, Srdjan, Ellák Somfai, and Bernard Nienhuis. 2006. “Scale Invariance and Universality of Force Networks in Static Granular Matter.” Nature 439 (7078): 828–830.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Yoo, Sang-Dong, Young-Hee Cho, Guillaume Tena, Yan Xiong, and Jen Sheen. 2008. “Dual Control of Nuclear EIN3 by Bifurcate MAPK Cascades in C2H4 Signalling.” Nature 451 (7180): 789–795.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Deutscher Beton- und Bautechnik-Ver. 2015. Beispiele Zur Bemessung Nach Eurocode 2. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.

An edited book

Kerr, Cheridan. 2009. The Essential Guide to Flash CS4. Edited by Jon Keats. Berkeley, CA: Apress.

A chapter in an edited book

Yang, Jun, and Hui Liu. 2015. “Nanocomposites Consisting of Silver Sulfide and Noble Metals.” In Metal-Based Composite Nanomaterials, edited by Hui Liu, 93–113. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Civil Engineering and Environmental Systems.

Blog post

Andrew, Elise. 2014. “8 Amazing Natural Phenomena.” IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/amazing-natural-phenomena/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2000. Pipeline Safety: The Office of Pipeline Safety Is Changing How It Oversees the Pipeline Industry. RCED-00-128. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Klippel, Shirley A. 2005. “The Celtic Siren: A Case Study of William Sharp’s Seduction Experience in Which the Numinous Other Is Understood and Interpreted.” Doctoral dissertation, Carpinteria, CA: Pacifica Graduate Institute.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly, Caitlin. 2014. “The Trade-Offs of Relocating North to Canada.” New York Times, May 15.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Diamond 2001).
This sentence cites two references (Diamond 2001; MacCoss and Baillie 2004).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (MacCoss and Baillie 2004)
Three authors: (Ostojic, Somfai, and Nienhuis 2006)
4 or more authors: (Yoo et al. 2008)

About the journal

Full journal title	Civil Engineering and Environmental Systems
Abbreviation	Civ. Eng. Environ. Syst.
ISSN (print)	1028-6608
ISSN (online)	1029-0249
Scope	Civil and Structural Engineering Geography, Planning and Development