How to format your references using the Civil Engineering and Environmental Systems citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Civil Engineering and Environmental Systems. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Vinge, V. 2000. “Win a Nobel Prize!” Nature 407 (6805): 679.

A journal article with 2 authors

Liemert, André, and Alwin Kienle. 2013. “Exact and Efficient Solution of the Radiative Transport Equation for the Semi-Infinite Medium.” Scientific Reports 3: 2018.

A journal article with 3 authors

Aubret, Fabien, Richard Shine, and Xavier Bonnet. 2004. “Evolutionary Biology: Adaptive Developmental Plasticity in Snakes.” Nature 431 (7006): 261–262.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Skumryev, Vassil, Stoyan Stoyanov, Yong Zhang, George Hadjipanayis, Dominique Givord, and Josep Nogués. 2003. “Beating the Superparamagnetic Limit with Exchange Bias.” Nature 423 (6942): 850–853.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Bromfield, Richard. 2010. Doing Therapy with Children and Adolescents with Asperger Syndrome. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Sun, Fuchen, Kar-Ann Toh, Manuel Grana Romay, and Kezhi Mao, eds. 2014. Extreme Learning Machines 2013: Algorithms and Applications. Vol. 16. Adaptation, Learning, and Optimization. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Maiello, Evaristo, Lucia Lombardi, Mario Brandi, and Tommaso Scarabino. 2012. “Chemotherapy.” In Imaging Gliomas After Treatment: A Case-Based Atlas, edited by Tommaso Scarabino, 21–22. Milano: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Civil Engineering and Environmental Systems.

Blog post

Andrews, Robin. 2016. “3,500-Year-Old Golden Rings Tell Story Of The War-Riddled Rise Of Greek Civilization.” IFLScience. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2010. Next Generation Air Transportation System: Challenges with Partner Agency and FAA Coordination Continue, and Efforts to Integrate Near-, Mid-, and Long-Term Activities Are Ongoing. GAO-10-649T. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Redcay, Jessica D. 2014. “Kindergarten Students’ Reading Performance and Perceptions of Ludus Reading: A Mixed-Method Study.” Doctoral dissertation, Phoenix, AZ: University of Phoenix.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Walsh, Mary Williams. 2011. “A Path Is Sought for States To Escape Debt Burdens.” New York Times, January 21.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Vinge 2000).
This sentence cites two references (Vinge 2000; Liemert and Kienle 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Liemert and Kienle 2013)
Three authors: (Aubret, Shine, and Bonnet 2004)
4 or more authors: (Skumryev et al. 2003)

About the journal

Full journal title	Civil Engineering and Environmental Systems
Abbreviation	Civ. Eng. Environ. Syst.
ISSN (print)	1028-6608
ISSN (online)	1029-0249
Scope	Civil and Structural Engineering Geography, Planning and Development