How to format your references using the City, Culture and Society citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for City, Culture and Society. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Nadeem, M. (2014). Unconditionally secure commitment in position-based quantum cryptography. Scientific Reports, 4, 6774.

A journal article with 2 authors

Hedwig, B., & Poulet, J. F. A. (2004). Complex auditory behaviour emerges from simple reactive steering. Nature, 430(7001), 781–785.

A journal article with 3 authors

Bandfield, J. L., Glotch, T. D., & Christensen, P. R. (2003). Spectroscopic identification of carbonate minerals in the martian dust. Science (New York, N.Y.), 301(5636), 1084–1087.

A journal article with 21 or more authors

Sasaki, S., De Franceschi S, Elzerman, J. M., van der Wiel WG, Eto, M., Tarucha, S., & Kouwenhoven, L. P. (2000). Kondo effect in an integer-spin quantum dot. Nature, 405(6788), 764–767.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Caferra, R. (2011). Logic for Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Okeoma, C. M. (Ed.). (2016). Chikungunya Virus: Advances in Biology, Pathogenesis, and Treatment. Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Kaasa, A. (2016). Culture as a Possible Factor of Innovation: Evidence from the European Union and Neighboring Countries. In A. Müller (Ed.), Re-thinking Diversity: Multiple Approaches in Theory, Media, Communities, and Managerial Practice (pp. 83–107). Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for City, Culture and Society.

Blog post

Hale, T. (2017, January 30). Critically Endangered “Fairy Possum” Is Stuck In A Catch-22 Situation. IFLScience; IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/critically-endangered-fairy-possum-is-stuck-in-a-catch22-situation/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1996). Airport Privatization: Issues Related to the Sale of U.S. Commercial Airports (T-RCED-96-82). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Hammamy, R. (2010). “Promoting responsible action in medical emergencies”: Determining the impact of a new University of Maryland alcohol protocol [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Maryland, College Park.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Leland, J. (2016, November 12). Chess Tournament Kicks Off With V.I.P. Treatment. New York Times, A23.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Nadeem, 2014).
This sentence cites two references (Hedwig & Poulet, 2004; Nadeem, 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Hedwig & Poulet, 2004)
Three or more authors: (Sasaki et al., 2000)

About the journal

Full journal title	City, Culture and Society
Abbreviation	City Cult. Soc.
ISSN (print)	1877-9166
Scope	Economics, Econometrics and Finance (miscellaneous) General Social Sciences Urban Studies