How to format your references using the City, Culture and Society citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for City, Culture and Society. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Meyer, A. (2010). George C. Williams (1926-2010). Nature, 467(7317), 790.

A journal article with 2 authors

Otterstrom, J. J., & van Oijen, A. M. (2009). Biochemistry. Nudging through a nucleosome. Science (New York, N.Y.), 325(5940), 547–548.

A journal article with 3 authors

Milly, P. C. D., Dunne, K. A., & Vecchia, A. V. (2005). Global pattern of trends in streamflow and water availability in a changing climate. Nature, 438(7066), 347–350.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Jørgensen, R., Merrill, A. R., Yates, S. P., Marquez, V. E., Schwan, A. L., Boesen, T., & Andersen, G. R. (2005). Exotoxin A-eEF2 complex structure indicates ADP ribosylation by ribosome mimicry. Nature, 436(7053), 979–984.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Wei, J. (2012). Great Inventions that Changed the World. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Nakamaki, H., Hioki, K., Mitsui, I., & Takeuchi, Y. (Eds.). (2016). Enterprise as an Instrument of Civilization: An Anthropological Approach to Business Administration (1st ed. 2016, Vol. 4). Springer Japan.

A chapter in an edited book

Baker, J. E. (2014). Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry. In M. Sardela (Ed.), Practical Materials Characterization (pp. 133–187). Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for City, Culture and Society.

Blog post

Evans, K. (2017, May 10). Global Warming Could Smash Paris Agreement Target Of 1.5°C In Just 9 Years. IFLScience; IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/global-warming-could-smash-paris-agreement-target-of-15c-in-just-9-years/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1972). Cost Information on the Desegregation of the School Systems in Mobile County and Wilcox County, Alabama (B-164031(1)). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Peters, A. (2009). The mark of gender: Depicting power and the female body in colonial Peru [Doctoral dissertation]. California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Paulson, M. (2017, August 9). Denver Weather? ‘Frozen.’ New York Times, AR1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Meyer, 2010).
This sentence cites two references (Meyer, 2010; Otterstrom & van Oijen, 2009).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Otterstrom & van Oijen, 2009)
Three authors: (Milly et al., 2005)
6 or more authors: (Jørgensen et al., 2005)

About the journal

Full journal title	City, Culture and Society
Abbreviation	City Cult. Soc.
ISSN (print)	1877-9166
Scope	Economics, Econometrics and Finance (miscellaneous) General Social Sciences Urban Studies