How to format your references using the Case Reports in Oncology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Case Reports in Oncology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Glynn I. An intriguing door. Nature. 2001 Oct;413(6857):683.

A journal article with 2 authors

Wiersma DS, Cavalieri S. Light emission: A temperature-tunable random laser. Nature. 2001 Dec;414(6865):708–9.

A journal article with 3 authors

Hu T, Hashmi A, Hong J. Transparent half metallic g-C4N3 nanotubes: potential multifunctional applications for spintronics and optical devices. Sci Rep. 2014 Aug;4:6059.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Malhi Y, Roberts JT, Betts RA, Killeen TJ, Li W, Nobre CA. Climate change, deforestation, and the fate of the Amazon. Science. 2008 Jan;319(5860):169–72.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Gwynne A. Guide to Building Control. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell; 2013.

An edited book

Handa H, Ishibuchi H, Ong Y-S, Tan KC, editors. Proceedings of the 18th Asia Pacific Symposium on Intelligent and Evolutionary Systems, Volume 1. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

Thiagalingam S, Faller DV. The Cancer Epigenome. In: Kaufman HL, Wadler S, Antman K, editors. Molecular Targeting in Oncology. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press; 2008; pp 97–113.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Case Reports in Oncology.

Blog post

Andrew E. Worldwide, Climate Change Is Worse News For Women [Internet]. IFLScience. 2015 Oct [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/worldwide-climate-change-worse-news-women/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Highway Safety: Safety Belt Use Laws Save Lives and Reduce Costs to Society. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1992.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Vespa MC. System Identification and Compensation Using a Surface-Bristle Deflection Model. 2013

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Hollander S. Inspiring Without Saying a Word. New York Times. 1999 Nov;F3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Case Reports in Oncology
Abbreviation	Case Rep. Oncol.
ISSN (online)	1662-6575
Scope	Oncology

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