How to format your references using the Chinese Journal of Cancer citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Chinese Journal of Cancer. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Boetius A. Ocean science. Lost City life. Science. 2005;307:1420–2.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Quinn PK, Bates TS. The case against climate regulation via oceanic phytoplankton sulphur emissions. Nature. 2011;480:51–6.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Kozloski J, Hamzei-Sichani F, Yuste R. Stereotyped position of local synaptic targets in neocortex. Science. 2001;293:868–72.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Wei H, Wei S, Tian W, Zhu D, Liu Y, Yuan L, et al. Fabrication of thickness controllable free-standing sandwich-structured hybrid carbon film for high-rate and high-power supercapacitor. Sci Rep. 2014;4:7050.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Borisenko VE, Ossicini S. What is What in the Nanoworld. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA; 2012.

An edited book

1. Gandhi A, Malhotra N, Malhotra J, Gupta N, Bora NM, editors. Principles of Critical Care in Obstetrics: Volume I. 1st ed. 2016. New Delhi: Springer India; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Maninger S. Soldiers of Misfortune: Is the Demise of National Armed Forces a Core Contributing Factor in the Rise of Private Security Companies? In: Jäger T, Kümmel G, editors. Private Military and Security Companies: Chances, Problems, Pitfalls and Prospects. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften; 2007. p. 69–85.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Chinese Journal of Cancer.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. The Role Of Science And Innovation In A 21st Century Government [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/role-science-and-innovation-21st-century-government/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. National Mediation Board: Strengthening Planning and Controls Could Better Facilitate Rail and Air Labor Relations. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2013 Dec. Report No.: GAO-14-5.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Arntson JD. Heidegger and disclosive rhetoric: Two divergent paths in immanence and transcendence [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Shpigel B. Reviving World Cup Hopes Out of Thin Air. New York Times. 2017 Jun 12;D6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Chinese Journal of Cancer
Abbreviation	Chin. J. Cancer
ISSN (online)	1944-446X
Scope	Oncology