How to format your references using the Chinese Journal of Cancer citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Chinese Journal of Cancer. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Paddock S. Tech.Sight. Optical sectioning--slices of life. Science. 2002;295:1319–21.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Liemert A, Kienle A. Exact and efficient solution of the radiative transport equation for the semi-infinite medium. Sci Rep. 2013;3:2018.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Mercader J, Panger M, Boesch C. Excavation of a chimpanzee stone tool site in the African rainforest. Science. 2002;296:1452–5.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Denham TP, Haberle SG, Lentfer C, Fullagar R, Field J, Therin M, et al. Origins of agriculture at Kuk Swamp in the highlands of New Guinea. Science. 2003;301:189–93.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Dorsey JR. Y-Size Your Business. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2009.

An edited book

1. Pappas A, editor. Nutrition and Skin: Lessons for Anti-Aging, Beauty and Healthy Skin. New York, NY: Springer; 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Roos D, Spits H, Hack CE. Innate immunity — phagocytes, natural killer cells and the complement system. In: Nijkamp FP, Parnham MJ, editors. Principles of Immunopharmacology. Basel: Birkhäuser; 2005. p. 63–80.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Chinese Journal of Cancer.

Blog post

1. Luntz S. Global Warming Increases New York Flooding Danger 20-Fold [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/environment/global-warming-increases-new-york-flooding-danger-twenty-fold/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Amtrak: Limited Income From the Revenue Enhancement Program. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1990 Feb. Report No.: RCED-90-76.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. McAvoy DL. Coming of age with Shakespeare: The convergence of American youth culture and high culture since the 1980s [Doctoral dissertation]. [Bloomington, IN]: Indiana University; 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Wagner J. Venezuela Tops Italy in Marathon. New York Times. 2017 Mar 12;SP3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Chinese Journal of Cancer
Abbreviation	Chin. J. Cancer
ISSN (online)	1944-446X
Scope	Oncology