How to format your references using the Case Reports in Oncology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Case Reports in Oncology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Schmollinger J. Equal opportunities. Nature. 2002 Jun;417(6891):5.

A journal article with 2 authors

Lee SS-J, Mudaliar A. Medicine. Racing forward: the Genomics and Personalized Medicine Act. Science. 2009 Jan;323(5912):342.

A journal article with 3 authors

Lunshof JE, Church GM, Prainsack B. Information access. Raw personal data: providing access. Science. 2014 Jan;343(6169):373–4.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Zehr JP, Waterbury JB, Turner PJ, Montoya JP, Omoregie E, Steward GF, et al. Unicellular cyanobacteria fix N2 in the subtropical North Pacific Ocean. Nature. 2001 Aug;412(6847):635–8.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Frantzen AJ. Anglo-Saxon Keywords. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2012.

An edited book

Lin Z, Wang J, editors. Low-cost Nanomaterials: Toward Greener and More Efficient Energy Applications. London: Springer; 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

Bodyanskiy Y, Vynokurova O, Pliss I, Peleshko D, Rashkevych Y. Hybrid Generalized Additive Wavelet-Neuro-Fuzzy-System and Its Adaptive Learning. In: Zamojski W, Mazurkiewicz J, Sugier J, Walkowiak T, Kacprzyk J, editors. Dependability Engineering and Complex Systems: Proceedings of the Eleventh International Conference on Dependability and Complex Systems DepCoS-RELCOMEX. June 27–July 1, 2016, Brunów, Poland. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016; pp 51–61.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Case Reports in Oncology.

Blog post

Hale T. This Image Can Trick Your Brain And Make You See It In Color [Internet]. IFLScience. 2015 Nov [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/brain/image-can-trick-your-brain-and-make-you-see-it-color/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Motor Carriers: Better Information Needed to Assess Effectiveness and Efficiency of Safety Interventions. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2016.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Kazadi MM. Use of Data Fusion and SPC in Vibrations Detection. 2013

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Bennhold K. For First Time Since 1800s, Britain Goes a Day Without Burning Coal for Electricity. New York Times. 2017 Apr;A6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Case Reports in Oncology
Abbreviation	Case Rep. Oncol.
ISSN (online)	1662-6575
Scope	Oncology