How to format your references using the Case Reports in Oncology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Case Reports in Oncology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Collins FS. Genome-sequencing anniversary. Faces of the genome. Science. 2011 Feb;331(6017):546.

A journal article with 2 authors

Horvath P, Barrangou R. CRISPR/Cas, the immune system of bacteria and archaea. Science. 2010 Jan;327(5962):167–70.

A journal article with 3 authors

Wiser MJ, Ribeck N, Lenski RE. Long-term dynamics of adaptation in asexual populations. Science. 2013 Dec;342(6164):1364–7.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Lee W-J, Ma JW, Bae JM, Jeong K-S, Cho M-H, Kang C, et al. Strongly enhanced THz emission caused by localized surface charges in semiconducting Germanium nanowires. Sci Rep. 2013;3:1984.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Maji P, Pal SK. Rough-Fuzzy Pattern Recognition. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2012.

An edited book

Achourioti T, Galinon H, Martínez Fernández J, Fujimoto K, editors. Unifying the Philosophy of Truth. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

Hansen LG. Aspects of the Political Economy of Environmental Voluntary Agreements. In: Croci E, editor. The Handbook of Environmental Voluntary Agreements: Design, Implementation and Evaluation Issues. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2005; pp 67–89.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Case Reports in Oncology.

Blog post

Taub B. Scientists Kick-Start Brain Of Comatose Patient Using Ultrasound [Internet]. IFLScience. 2016 Aug [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/brain/scientists-kick-start-brain-comatose-patient-ultrasound/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Better Use of Information Technology Can Reduce the Burden of Federal Paperwork. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1983.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Nguyen A. Poetry as a Museum. 2017

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Hay G, Cyran R. Long Road Back for Greek Banks. New York Times. 2011 Aug;B2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Case Reports in Oncology
Abbreviation	Case Rep. Oncol.
ISSN (online)	1662-6575
Scope	Oncology