How to format your references using the Carbon citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Carbon. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

L. Melton, Pharmacogenetics and genotyping: on the trail of SNPs, Nature 422 (2003) 917, 919, 921, 923.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

S. Silvente-Poirot, M. Poirot, Cancer. Cholesterol and cancer, in the balance, Science 343 (2014) 1445–1446.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

T. Khudiyev, O. Tobail, M. Bayindir, Tailoring self-organized nanostructured morphologies in kilometer-long polymer fiber, Sci. Rep. 4 (2014) 4864.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

M.-M. Li, T. Jiang, Z. Sun, Q. Zhang, C.-C. Tan, J.-T. Yu, L. Tan, Genome-wide microRNA expression profiles in hippocampus of rats with chronic temporal lobe epilepsy, Sci. Rep. 4 (2014) 4734.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Q. Studer, Results that Last, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, 2007.

An edited book

[1]

Z. Deng, S. Gopinathan, C.K.-E. Lee, eds., Globalization and the Singapore Curriculum: From Policy to Classroom, Springer, Singapore, 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

D. Hedgecock, K. Coykendall, Genetic Risks of Marine Hatchery Enhancement: The Good, the Bad, and the Unknown, in: T.M. Bert (Ed.), Ecological and Genetic Implications of Aquaculture Activities, Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, 2007: pp. 85–101.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Carbon.

Blog post

[1]

R. Andrews, Ancient Martian Megatsunamis Connected To Giant Impact Crater, IFLScience (2017). https://www.iflscience.com/space/ancient-martian-megatsunamis-connected-to-giant-impact-crater/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Global Positioning System: Significant Challenges in Sustaining and Upgrading Widely Used Capabilities, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 2009.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

T.L. Laubacher, Simplifying “Inherently Governmental” Functions: Choosing between a Principled Approach or More of the Same, Doctoral dissertation, George Washington University, 2016.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

D. Martin, Aleksei Balabanov, 54, Russian Film Director, New York Times (2013) B10.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Carbon
Abbreviation	Carbon N. Y.
ISSN (print)	0008-6223
Scope	General Chemistry