How to format your references using the Botanical Studies citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Botanical Studies. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Baird BN (2006) Comment on “Post-wildfire logging hinders regeneration and increases fire risk.” Science 313:615; author reply 615

A journal article with 2 authors

Schnell JR, Chou JJ (2008) Structure and mechanism of the M2 proton channel of influenza A virus. Nature 451:591–595

A journal article with 3 authors

Roopnarine PD, Angielczyk KD, Hertog R (2006) Comment on “Statistical independence of escalatory ecological trends in Phanerozoic marine invertebrates.” Science 314:925; author reply 925

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Bautista DM, Siemens J, Glazer JM, et al (2007) The menthol receptor TRPM8 is the principal detector of environmental cold. Nature 448:204–208

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Korn GA (2013) Advanced Dynamic-System Simulation. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Iacovino L (ed) (2006) Recordkeeping, Ethics and Law: Regulatory Models, Participant Relationships and Rights and Responsibilities in the Online World. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht

A chapter in an edited book

Castellani L, Fornaro GA (2011) Le regole del gioco. In: Fornaro GA (ed) Teletrasporto: Dalla fantascienza alla realtà. Springer, Milano, pp 45–69

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Botanical Studies.

Blog post

Andrew E (2015) Holograms Heading to the International Space Station. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/technology/hololens-iss/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1997) Aviation Safety: FAA Has Begun Efforts to Make Data More Publicly Available. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Reig MA (2008) Cross-Dialectal Variability in Propositional Anaphora: A Quantitative and Pragmatic Study of Null Objects in Mexican and Peninsular Spanish. Doctoral dissertation, Ohio State University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Greenhouse L (2006) Justices Hear Arguments On Late-Term Abortion. New York Times A25

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Baird 2006).
This sentence cites two references (Baird 2006; Schnell and Chou 2008).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Schnell and Chou 2008)
Three or more authors: (Bautista et al. 2007)

About the journal

Full journal title	Botanical Studies
Abbreviation	Bot. Stud.
ISSN (online)	1999-3110
Scope