How to format your references using the Botanical Studies citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Botanical Studies. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Abbott A (2000) Space-station airlock to serve as temporary lab. Nature 405:7

A journal article with 2 authors

Malik S, Roeder RG (2013) Biochemistry. Have your PIC! Science 342:706–707

A journal article with 3 authors

Palazzo A, Ackerman B, Gundersen GG (2003) Cell biology: Tubulin acetylation and cell motility. Nature 421:230

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Kim W, Zhu W, Hendricks GL, et al (2018) A new class of synthetic retinoid antibiotics effective against bacterial persisters. Nature 556:103–107

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Equipment Testing Procedures Committee (2005) Continuous Direct-Heat Rotary Dryers. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Peh Lu C (2013) Organization Design for International Construction Business. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Wagner RG (2013) A Classic Paving the Way to Modernity: The Ritual of Zhou in the Chinese Reform Debate Since the Taiping Civil War. In: Humphreys SC, Wagner RG (eds) Modernity’s Classics. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 77–99

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Botanical Studies.

Blog post

O`Callaghan J (2015) Celestial Fireworks due in 2018 When a Pulsar Passes Through the Atmosphere of a Giant Star. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/celestial-fireworks-due-2018-when-pulsar-passes-through-atmosphere-giant-star/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1990) Consolidated Student Loans: Borrowers Benefit but Costs to Them and the Government Grow. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Klippel SA (2005) The Celtic siren: A case study of William Sharp’s seduction experience in which the numinous other is understood and interpreted. Doctoral dissertation, Pacifica Graduate Institute

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Greenhouse L (2010) My Florida Recount Memory: Talking Justice. New York Times WK10

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Abbott 2000).
This sentence cites two references (Abbott 2000; Malik and Roeder 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Malik and Roeder 2013)
Three or more authors: (Kim et al. 2018)

About the journal

Full journal title	Botanical Studies
Abbreviation	Bot. Stud.
ISSN (online)	1999-3110
Scope