How to format your references using the Botanical Studies citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Botanical Studies. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Slivan SM (2002) Spin vector alignment of Koronis family asteroids. Nature 419:49–51

A journal article with 2 authors

Jones AG, Ferguson IJ (2001) The electric Moho. Nature 409:331–333

A journal article with 3 authors

Savaldi-Goldstein S, Peto C, Chory J (2007) The epidermis both drives and restricts plant shoot growth. Nature 446:199–202

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Garcia-Barriocanal J, Rivera-Calzada A, Varela M, et al (2008) Colossal ionic conductivity at interfaces of epitaxial ZrO2:Y2O3/SrTiO3 heterostructures. Science 321:676–680

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Wilson M (2013) Everyday Moral Economies. John Wiley & Sons, Oxford

An edited book

Emerald E, Rinehart RE, Garcia A (eds) (2016) Global South Ethnographies: Minding the Senses. SensePublishers, Rotterdam

A chapter in an edited book

Nikulin M, Wu H-DI (2016) The AFT, GPH, LT, Frailty, and GLPH Models. In: Wu H-DI (ed) The Cox Model and Its Applications. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 53–62

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Botanical Studies.

Blog post

Luntz S (2017) How Wall Street Destroyed America’s Solar Industry. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/technology/how-wall-street-destroyed-americas-solar-industry/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2014) Army Networks: Select Programs Are Utilizing Competition to Varying Degrees. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Kraka EK (2012) Assessment of herbicides for control of non-native species: Italian ryegrass (Lolium perenne spp. multiflorum ), tropical spiderwort (Commelina benghalensis), and tropical soda apple (Solanum viarum). Doctoral dissertation, Mississippi State University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Stewart JB (2017) A Year of New Heights For the Dow, Led by Boeing. New York Times B1

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Slivan 2002).
This sentence cites two references (Jones and Ferguson 2001; Slivan 2002).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Jones and Ferguson 2001)
Three or more authors: (Garcia-Barriocanal et al. 2008)

About the journal

Full journal title	Botanical Studies
Abbreviation	Bot. Stud.
ISSN (online)	1999-3110
Scope