How to format your references using the BMJ citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for BMJ. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Ainsworth C. Agriculture: A new breed of edits. Nature. 2015;528:S15-6.

A journal article with 2 authors

Suarez RK, Jones DR. Obituary: Peter W. Hochachka (1937-2002). Nature. 2002;420:140.

A journal article with 3 authors

Cusick RD, Kim Y, Logan BE. Energy capture from thermolytic solutions in microbial reverse-electrodialysis cells. Science. 2012;335:1474–7.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Fleischer JW, Segev M, Efremidis NK, et al. Observation of two-dimensional discrete solitons in optically induced nonlinear photonic lattices. Nature. 2003;422:147–50.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Adams DJ, Dyson PJ, Tavener SJ. Chemistry in Alternative Reaction Media. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd 2005.

An edited book

Dempe S. Bilevel Programming Problems: Theory, Algorithms and Applications to Energy Networks. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

Dahlhaus D, Hunziker T, Vassilaras S, et al. PAN-Optimized Air Interfaces. In: Prasad R, ed. My personal Adaptive Global NET (MAGNET). Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands 2010:135–243.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for BMJ.

Blog post

Hamilton K. Scientists May Have Found Humans’ Oldest Known Ancestor – A Bag-Like Creature With No Anus. IFLScience. 2017. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/scientists-may-have-found-humans-oldest-known-ancestor-a-baglike-creature-with-no-anus/ (accessed 30 October 2018)

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Information Technology: HUD’s Expenditure Plan Satisfied Statutory Conditions; Sustained Controls and Modernization Approach Needed. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office 2014.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Cross A. Tinkering in k-12: an exploratory mixed methods study of makerspaces in schools as an application of constructivist learning. 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kanter J. As Hopes for European Unity Dim, New E.U. Headquarters Are Glowing. New York Times. 2016;A6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	BMJ
Abbreviation	BMJ
ISSN (print)	0959-8138
ISSN (online)	1756-1833
Scope