How to format your references using the BMJ citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for BMJ. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Hambäck PA. Ecology. A green or a prickly world? Science. 2010;327:1583–4.

A journal article with 2 authors

Pascual A, Préat T. Localization of long-term memory within the Drosophila mushroom body. Science. 2001;294:1115–7.

A journal article with 3 authors

Cherry JL, Adler FR, Johnson KP. Islands, equilibria, and speciation. Science. 2002;296:975.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Chen M, Wang Y-H, Wang Y, et al. Dendritic cell apoptosis in the maintenance of immune tolerance. Science. 2006;311:1160–4.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Allsopp W. Advanced Penetration Testing. Indianapolis, Indiana: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2017.

An edited book

Hanjalić K, Krol RV de, Lekić A, editors. Sustainable Energy Technologies: Options and Prospects. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands 2008.

A chapter in an edited book

Sarier ND. Private Minutia-Based Fingerprint Matching. In: Akram RN, Jajodia S, eds. Information Security Theory and Practice: 9th IFIP WG 11.2 International Conference, WISTP 2015, Heraklion, Crete, Greece, August 24-25, 2015. Proceedings. Cham: Springer International Publishing 2015:52–67.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for BMJ.

Blog post

Luntz S. Success Against Most Common Form Of Cystic Fibrosis. IFLScience. 2015. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/success-against-most-common-form-cystic-fibrosis/ (accessed 30 October 2018)

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. ADP Budget: Information on Two IRS Computer Projects. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office 1987.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Swofford DM. Impact of a pharmaceutical company’s leadership development program on participant leadership behavior. 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Paulson M. ‘King Kong’ Gets Closer to Broadway. New York Times. 2017;C2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	BMJ
Abbreviation	BMJ
ISSN (print)	0959-8138
ISSN (online)	1756-1833
Scope