How to format your references using the BMC Medical Genetics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for BMC Medical Genetics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Yamanaka S. Elite and stochastic models for induced pluripotent stem cell generation. Nature. 2009;460:49–52.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Taylor WR, Lin K. Protein knots: A tangled problem. Nature. 2003;421:25.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Mang PK, Larochelle S, Greven M. Condensed-matter physics: spurious magnetism in high-T(c) superconductor. Nature. 2003;426:139–40; discussion 140.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Sakamoto T, Webb MR, Forgacs E, White HD, Sellers JR. Direct observation of the mechanochemical coupling in myosin Va during processive movement. Nature. 2008;455:128–32.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Lacava A, Bogucki J, Bedrytski A, de Detrich M, Neil B. Professional Scala. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2016.

An edited book

1. Maehle E, Römer K, Karl W, Tovar E, editors. Architecture of Computing Systems – ARCS 2014: 27th International Conference, Lübeck, Germany, February 25-28, 2014. Proceedings. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Cumming JJ, Van der Kleij FM. Effective Enactment of Assessment for Learning and Student Diversity in Australia. In: Laveault D, Allal L, editors. Assessment for Learning: Meeting the Challenge of Implementation. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016. p. 55–73.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for BMC Medical Genetics.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. Mechanism Explains How Environment Causes Many Human Diseases. IFLScience. 2014. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/mechanism-explains-how-environment-causes-many-human-diseases/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Chief Information Officers: Ensuring Strong Leadership and an Effective Council. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1997.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Bade LL. Extending the benefits of alcohol and drug treatment: An exploration of volunteer utilization and delivery of recovery services. Doctoral dissertation. Pepperdine University; 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Sophia Kishkovsky; Compiled by. Contemporary Art Prize Is Awarded In Russia. New York Times. 2009;:C2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	BMC Medical Genetics
Abbreviation	BMC Med. Genet.
ISSN (online)	1471-2350
Scope	Genetics Genetics(clinical)