How to format your references using the BMC Cardiovascular Disorders citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for BMC Cardiovascular Disorders. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Torquato S. Glass transition. Hard knock for thermodynamics. Nature. 2000;405:521, 523.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Hermisson J, McGregor AP. Pleiotropic scaling and QTL data. Nature. 2008;456:E3; discussion E4.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Meyer P, Saez L, Young MW. PER-TIM interactions in living Drosophila cells: an interval timer for the circadian clock. Science. 2006;311:226–9.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Ray B, Henaff M, Ma S, Efstathiadis E, Peskin ER, Picone M, et al. Information content and analysis methods for multi-modal high-throughput biomedical data. Sci Rep. 2014;4:4411.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Gray DF, Malone SW. Macrofinancial Risk Analysis. Chichester, West Sussex, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.; 2008.

An edited book

1. Kostianoy AG, Lavrova OY, editors. Oil Pollution in the Baltic Sea. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Crespi Reghizzi S, Breveglieri L, Morzenti A. Pushdown Automata and Parsing. In: Breveglieri L, Morzenti A, editors. Formal Languages and Compilation. London: Springer; 2013. p. 141–291.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for BMC Cardiovascular Disorders.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. Academics Need To Embrace New Ways Of Writing And Sharing Research. IFLScience. 2016. https://www.iflscience.com/technology/academics-need-embrace-new-ways-writing-and-sharing-research/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration: Light Truck Average Fuel Economy Standard, Model Year 1999. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1997.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Kuls M. Single item versus multiple items: An examination of validity and the impact of mood in measuring constructs. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach; 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Wagner J. Mets Evaluate Their Options at First Base After Duda Is Sidelined by Hip Stiffness. New York Times. 2017;:SP3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	BMC Cardiovascular Disorders
Abbreviation	BMC Cardiovasc. Disord.
ISSN (online)	1471-2261
Scope	Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine