How to format your references using the Biomaterials citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Biomaterials. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

K. Powell, High-tech, high society, Nature 426 (2003) 720–721.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

D. Cyranoski, I.-H. Chou, Winds of change blow away the cobwebs on campus, Nature 429 (2004) 210–214.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

C.S.M. Turney, R.G. Roberts, Z. Jacobs, Archaeology: progress and pitfalls in radiocarbon dating, Nature 443 (2006) E3; discussion E4.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

S.H.D. Haddock, C.W. Dunn, P.R. Pugh, C.E. Schnitzler, Bioluminescent and red-fluorescent lures in a deep-sea siphonophore, Science 309 (2005) 263.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Y. Zhang, F. Wen, M. Xiao, Quantum Control of Multi-Wave Mixing, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, Germany, 2013.

An edited book

[1]

C. Srinivasulu, South Asian Mammals: Their Diversity, Distribution, and Status, Springer, New York, NY, 2012.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

L.-Y. Li, X.-M. Wang, L.-X. Mu, Incipient Fault Detection for a Hypersonic Scramjet Vehicle, in: J. Wang (Ed.), Proceedings of the First Symposium on Aviation Maintenance and Management-Volume I, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2014: pp. 31–38.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Biomaterials.

Blog post

[1]

K. Evans, New Zealand’s Yellow-Eyed Penguins Could Be Extinct In Just 25 years, IFLScience (2017). https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/new-zealands-yelloweyed-penguins-could-be-extinct-in-just-25-years/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Transportation Research: Opportunities for Improving the Oversight of DOT’s Research Programs and User Satisfaction with Transportation Statistics, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 2006.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

T.K. Hemschik, Course designs, instructional strategies, and support systems in K–8 online education: A case study, Doctoral dissertation, University of Phoenix, 2008.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

G. Prochnik, He Remade Kings, New York Times (2017) BR17.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Biomaterials
Abbreviation	Biomaterials
ISSN (print)	0142-9612
Scope	Biophysics Bioengineering Mechanics of Materials Biomaterials Ceramics and Composites