How to format your references using the Biomaterials citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Biomaterials. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

R. Bernstein, Science by any means necessary, Science 347 (2015) 686.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

K. Schuchmann, V. Müller, Direct and reversible hydrogenation of CO2 to formate by a bacterial carbon dioxide reductase, Science 342 (2013) 1382–1385.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

A.R. Stine, P. Huybers, I.Y. Fung, Changes in the phase of the annual cycle of surface temperature, Nature 457 (2009) 435–440.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

A. Martin, C. Troadec, A. Boualem, M. Rajab, R. Fernandez, H. Morin, M. Pitrat, C. Dogimont, A. Bendahmane, A transposon-induced epigenetic change leads to sex determination in melon, Nature 461 (2009) 1135–1138.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

T.M. Moe, J.E. Chubb, Liberating Learning, Jossey-Bass, San Francisco, CA, USA, 2009.

An edited book

[1]

I. Debled-Rennesson, E. Domenjoud, B. Kerautret, P. Even, eds., Discrete Geometry for Computer Imagery: 16th IAPR International Conference, DGCI 2011, Nancy, France, April 6-8, 2011. Proceedings, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

J.M.P.Q. Delgado, E. Barreira, N.M.M. Ramos, V.P. de Freitas, Application Examples, in: E. Barreira, N.M.M. Ramos, V.P. de Freitas (Eds.), Hygrothermal Numerical Simulation Tools Applied to Building Physics, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2013: pp. 47–63.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Biomaterials.

Blog post

[1]

K. Hamilton, Scientists Have Genetically Engineered Micropigs To Sell As Pets, IFLScience (2015). https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/scientists-genetically-engineer-micropigs-sell-pets/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Space Acquisitions: DOD Is Overcoming Long-Standing Problems, but Faces Challenges to Ensuring Its Investments Are Optimized, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 2013.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

A.K. Andrus, Cellular and Proteomic Characterization of the Innate Immune Response in Wasting Bat Stars (Patiria miniata), Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

J. Otis, Car Accident Takes Away Independence and Financial Security, New York Times (2016) A28.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Biomaterials
Abbreviation	Biomaterials
ISSN (print)	0142-9612
Scope	Biophysics Bioengineering Mechanics of Materials Biomaterials Ceramics and Composites