How to format your references using the Biogeochemistry citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Biogeochemistry. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

De S (2009) Journal club. A biologist looks at the effect of a dynamic nuclear environment on gene expression. Nature 460:15

A journal article with 2 authors

Yamagata M, Sanes JR (2008) Dscam and Sidekick proteins direct lamina-specific synaptic connections in vertebrate retina. Nature 451:465–469

A journal article with 3 authors

Suzuki G, Shimazu N, Tanaka M (2012) A yeast prion, Mod5, promotes acquired drug resistance and cell survival under environmental stress. Science 336:355–359

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Arthur JC, Gharaibeh RZ, Uronis JM, et al (2013) VSL#3 probiotic modifies mucosal microbial composition but does not reduce colitis-associated colorectal cancer. Sci Rep 3:2868

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Horstmeyer SL (2011) The Weather Almanac. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Vayenas CG (ed) (2011) Interfacial Phenomena in Electrocatalysis. Springer, New York, NY

A chapter in an edited book

Chuiko OO, Gorbyk PP, Pogorelyi VK, et al (2010) Application Efficiency of Complex Preparations Based on Nanodisperse Silica in Medical Practice. In: Shpak AP, Gorbyk PP (eds) Nanomaterials and Supramolecular Structures: Physics, Chemistry, and Applications. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, pp 53–62

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Biogeochemistry.

Blog post

Andrew E (2014) Stressed Out Snake Eats Itself. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/stressed-out-snake-eats-itself/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1986) [Comments on Applicability of Vacancies Act to Various Labor and Education Officers]. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Zarate Ramirez F (2012) Pedagogical and performance approach to selected bel canto songs and arias of Bellini and Donizetti. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Pilon M (2012) Richards-Ross Breaks American Drought In the Women’s 400. New York Times D1

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (De 2009).
This sentence cites two references (Yamagata and Sanes 2008; De 2009).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Yamagata and Sanes 2008)
Three or more authors: (Arthur et al. 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Biogeochemistry
Abbreviation	Biogeochemistry
ISSN (print)	0168-2563
ISSN (online)	1573-515X
Scope	Earth-Surface Processes Environmental Chemistry Water Science and Technology