How to format your references using the BIOETHICS UPdate citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for BIOETHICS UPdate. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Murcott, T. (2009). Science journalism: Toppling the priesthood. Nature, 459(7250), 1054–1055.

A journal article with 2 authors

Galloway, L. F., & Etterson, J. R. (2007). Transgenerational plasticity is adaptive in the wild. Science (New York, N.Y.), 318(5853), 1134–1136.

A journal article with 3 authors

Dyall, S. D., Brown, M. T., & Johnson, P. J. (2004). Ancient invasions: from endosymbionts to organelles. Science (New York, N.Y.), 304(5668), 253–257.

A journal article with 21 or more authors

Ni, S., Tan, E., Gurnis, M., & Helmberger, D. (2002). Sharp sides to the African superplume. Science (New York, N.Y.), 296(5574), 1850–1852.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Lalanne, C. (2014). Specification Development. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Wallace, T. C. (2013). Dietary Supplement Regulation in the United States (D. MacKay, R. Al-Mondhiry, H. Nguyen, & J. C. Griffiths, Eds.). Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Bogdan, D. B., & Villiger, R. (2010). Exercises. In R. Villiger (Ed.), Valuation in Life Sciences: A Practical Guide (pp. 305–329). Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for BIOETHICS UPdate.

Blog post

Taub, B. (2016, July 7). Eye Contact Becomes Awkward After 3.3 Seconds, According To Science. IFLScience; IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/eye-contact-becomes-awkward-after-33-seconds-according-to-science/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1996). [Comments on Referral of NASA Subcontractors’ Claims to Congress] (B-230871.4). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Ciolek, R. (2017). A Mixed Method Study on the Missouri Beginning Teachers Assistance Program and Teacher Retention in Saint Louis School Districts [Doctoral dissertation]. Lindenwood University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly, M. (1993, March 13). Hillary Clinton Health Panel Hears the People, Invitation Only. New York Times, 17.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Murcott, 2009).
This sentence cites two references (Galloway & Etterson, 2007; Murcott, 2009).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Galloway & Etterson, 2007)
Three or more authors: (Ni et al., 2002)

About the journal

Full journal title	BIOETHICS UPdate
ISSN (print)	2395-938X
Scope