How to format your references using the Biodiversity and Conservation citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Biodiversity and Conservation. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Fulweiler RW (2009) Microbiology. Fantastic fixers. Science 326:377–378

A journal article with 2 authors

Perakis SS, Hedin LO (2002) Nitrogen loss from unpolluted South American forests mainly via dissolved organic compounds. Nature 415:416–419

A journal article with 3 authors

Reichman OJ, Jones MB, Schildhauer MP (2011) Challenges and opportunities of open data in ecology. Science 331:703–705

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Rosas-Ballina M, Olofsson PS, Ochani M, et al (2011) Acetylcholine-synthesizing T cells relay neural signals in a vagus nerve circuit. Science 334:98–101

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Zigangirov KS (2004) Theory of Code Division Multiple Access Communication. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Leung CS, Lee M, Chan JH (eds) (2009) Neural Information Processing: 16th International Conference, ICONIP 2009, Bangkok, Thailand, December 1-5, 2009, Proceedings, Part II. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Ramón-Vigo R, Pérez-Higueras N, Caballero F, Merino L (2016) A Framework for Modelling Local Human-Robot Interactions Based on Unsupervised Learning. In: Agah A, Cabibihan J-J, Howard AM, et al. (eds) Social Robotics: 8th International Conference, ICSR 2016, Kansas City, MO, USA, November 1-3, 2016 Proceedings. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 32–41

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Biodiversity and Conservation.

Blog post

Andrew D (2016) What Does Empty Space Sound Like? We Need Your Help To Find Out. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/what-does-empty-space-sound-like-we-need-your-help-to-find-out/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1994) State Department: Problems in Compiling List of Countries Restricting Longshore Activities. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Huff HK (2013) Thumb Twiddle Glossolalia: The Soumage. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kanter J (2017) Celebrating Trade Deal, Trudeau Praises E.U. New York Times A8

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Fulweiler 2009).
This sentence cites two references (Perakis and Hedin 2002; Fulweiler 2009).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Perakis and Hedin 2002)
Three or more authors: (Rosas-Ballina et al. 2011)

About the journal

Full journal title	Biodiversity and Conservation
Abbreviation	Biodivers. Conserv.
ISSN (print)	0960-3115
ISSN (online)	1572-9710
Scope	Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics Ecology Nature and Landscape Conservation