How to format your references using the Biodiversity and Conservation citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Biodiversity and Conservation. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Sakai KL (2005) Language acquisition and brain development. Science 310:815–819

A journal article with 2 authors

Sung CO, Sohn I (2014) The expression pattern of 19 genes predicts the histology of endometrial carcinoma. Sci Rep 4:5174

A journal article with 3 authors

Zhao J, Murray S, Lipuma JJ (2014) Modeling the impact of antibiotic exposure on human microbiota. Sci Rep 4:4345

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Barnett BP, Hwang Y, Taylor MS, et al (2010) Glucose and weight control in mice with a designed ghrelin O-acyltransferase inhibitor. Science 330:1689–1692

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Dasgupta A (2012) Resolving Erroneous Reports in Toxicology and Therapeutic Drug Monitoring. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Watson A, Ohtani M (eds) (2015) Task Design In Mathematics Education: an ICMI study 22, 1st ed. 2015. Springer International Publishing, Cham

A chapter in an edited book

Quarteroni A, Sacco R, Saleri F, Gervasio P (2014) Risoluzione di sistemi lineari con metodi iterativi. In: Sacco R, Saleri F, Gervasio P (eds) Matematica Numerica. Springer, Milano, pp 115–164

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Biodiversity and Conservation.

Blog post

Fang J (2015) Most of Africa May Lose Half Their Lions in 20 Years. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/africa-may-lose-half-its-wild-lions-2035/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2004) Regulatory Programs: Opportunities to Enhance Oversight of the Real Estate Appraisal Industry. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Rosenberg EL (2010) Learning to live: The clinical importance of first-person accounts of recovery from anorexia nervosa. Doctoral dissertation, Pacifica Graduate Institute

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Vecsey G (2009) In Season of Defense, Recalling Swoboda’s Catch. New York Times B19

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Sakai 2005).
This sentence cites two references (Sakai 2005; Sung and Sohn 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Sung and Sohn 2014)
Three or more authors: (Barnett et al. 2010)

About the journal

Full journal title	Biodiversity and Conservation
Abbreviation	Biodivers. Conserv.
ISSN (print)	0960-3115
ISSN (online)	1572-9710
Scope	Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics Ecology Nature and Landscape Conservation