How to format your references using the Biodiversity and Conservation citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Biodiversity and Conservation. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Ellis W (2000) At the zoo. Nature 408:295

A journal article with 2 authors

Dill KA, MacCallum JL (2012) The protein-folding problem, 50 years on. Science 338:1042–1046

A journal article with 3 authors

Rogers JA, Lagally MG, Nuzzo RG (2011) Synthesis, assembly and applications of semiconductor nanomembranes. Nature 477:45–53

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Liu J, Linderman M, Ouyang Z, et al (2001) Ecological degradation in protected areas: the case of Wolong Nature Reserve for giant pandas. Science 292:98–101

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Gu X, Jiang N, Ji K, et al (2017) Self-healing Control Technology for Distribution Networks. John Wiley & Sons Singapore Pte. Ltd, Singapore

An edited book

Magni L, Raimondo DM, Allgöwer F (eds) (2009) Nonlinear Model Predictive Control: Towards New Challenging Applications. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Gill ER (2013) Economic Justice and Freedom of Conscience. In: Stacy HM, Lee W-C (eds) Economic Justice: Philosophical and Legal Perspectives. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, pp 49–62

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Biodiversity and Conservation.

Blog post

Davis J (2017) Wild Boar In The Czech Republic Are Still Radioactive 30 Years After Chernobyl. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/wild-boar-in-the-czech-republic-are-still-radioactive-30-years-after-chernobyl/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2006) Joint Strike Fighter: DOD Plans to Enter Production before Testing Demonstrates Acceptable Performance. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

To KS (2017) Loss of Promoter Methylation is Correlated with mRNA Induction of Senescence Upregulated Gene UGT78D1. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Bennhold K, Erlanger S, Yeginsu C (2017) Britain on Edge As Terror Alert Hits Top Level. New York Times A1

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Ellis 2000).
This sentence cites two references (Ellis 2000; Dill and MacCallum 2012).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Dill and MacCallum 2012)
Three or more authors: (Liu et al. 2001)

About the journal

Full journal title	Biodiversity and Conservation
Abbreviation	Biodivers. Conserv.
ISSN (print)	0960-3115
ISSN (online)	1572-9710
Scope	Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics Ecology Nature and Landscape Conservation