How to format your references using the Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Service RF. Problem solved* (*sort of). Science 2008;321:784–6.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Hoerling M, Kumar A. The perfect ocean for drought. Science 2003;299:691–4.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Männikkö R, Elinder F, Larsson HP. Voltage-sensing mechanism is conserved among ion channels gated by opposite voltages. Nature 2002;419:837–41.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Dong C, Beis K, Nesper J, Brunkan-Lamontagne AL, Clarke BR, Whitfield C, et al. Wza the translocon for E. coli capsular polysaccharides defines a new class of membrane protein. Nature 2006;444:226–9.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Foote M, Hillier J, Mitchell-Wallace K, Jones M. Natural catastrophe risk management and modelling. Oxford, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2017.

An edited book

[1]

Rodriguez-Bigas MA, Cutait R, Lynch PM, Tomlinson I, Vasen HFA, editors. Hereditary Colorectal Cancer. vol. 5. Boston, MA: Springer US; 2010.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Paolicchi F, Neri E, Marcheschi P. Il protocollo DICOM. In: Marcheschi P, Caramella D, editors. Produrre ed elaborare immagini diagnostiche, Milano: Springer; 2008, p. 51–8.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering.

Blog post

[1]

Fang J. Stressed? Neurons Decide Whether You Cope or Become Depressed. IFLScience 2014. https://www.iflscience.com/brain/stressed-neurons-decide-whether-you-cope-or-become-depressed/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Programs for Land-Grant Schools. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1996.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Ashrafzadeh MH. Provision of community services for the mentally challenged population in Iran. Doctoral dissertation. University of Phoenix, 2008.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Greenhouse L. Justices Agree to Consider EBay Appeal in Patent Case. New York Times 2005:C9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering
Abbreviation	Biocybern. Biomed. Eng.
ISSN (print)	0208-5216
Scope	Biomedical Engineering