How to format your references using the Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Ioannidis JPA. More time for research: fund people not projects. Nature 2011;477:529–31.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Garrott RA, Oli MK. Conservation. A critical crossroad for BLM’s wild horse program. Science 2013;341:847–8.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Mueller K, Hough SE, Bilham R. Analysing the 1811-1812 New Madrid earthquakes with recent instrumentally recorded aftershocks. Nature 2004;429:284–8.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Liu Y-X, Sun H-C, Peng ZH, Miranowicz A, Tsai JS, Nori F. Controllable microwave three-wave mixing via a single three-level superconducting quantum circuit. Sci Rep 2014;4:7289.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Villalta T. The Large-Cap Portfolio. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2012.

An edited book

[1]

Gairing M, Savani R, editors. Algorithmic Game Theory: 9th International Symposium, SAGT 2016, Liverpool, UK, September 19–21, 2016, Proceedings. vol. 9928. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

De Bonis M, Torricelli M, Petraglia F. Risk Factors for Gestational Diseases. In: Buonocore G, Bracci R, Weindling M, editors. Neonatology: A Practical Approach to Neonatal Diseases, Milano: Springer; 2012, p. 21–5.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew E. Venus Encounters The Moon Before Dawn. IFLScience 2015. https://www.iflscience.com/space/venus-encounters-moon-dawn/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Geographic Information System: Forest Service Has Resolved GAO Concerns About Its Proposed Nationwide System. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1992.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Duncan EA. Environmental controls of black abalone body temperature determine risks of thermal stress and disease. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

(nyt) SK. World Briefing | Europe: Russia: Terror Scare In Moscow. New York Times 2002:A6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering
Abbreviation	Biocybern. Biomed. Eng.
ISSN (print)	0208-5216
Scope	Biomedical Engineering