How to format your references using the Avian Pathology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Avian Pathology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Mirkin, S.M. (2013). DNA replication: driving past four-stranded snags. Nature, 497, 449–450.

A journal article with 2 authors

Yau, S.T. & Vekilov, P.G. (2000). Quasi-planar nucleus structure in apoferritin crystallization. Nature, 406, 494–497.

A journal article with 3 authors

Nørskov, J.K., Bligaard, T. & Kleis, J. (2009). Chemistry. Rate control and reaction engineering. Science (New York, N.Y.), 324, 1655–1656.

A journal article with 99 or more authors

Fang, Y., Jayaram, H., Shane, T., Kolmakova-Partensky, L., Wu, F., Williams, C., Xiong, Y. & Miller, C. (2009). Structure of a prokaryotic virtual proton pump at 3.2 A resolution. Nature, 460, 1040–1043.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Janke, S.J. & Tinsley, F.C. (2005). Introduction to Linear Models and Statistical Inference. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Grafton, Q., Daniell, K.A., Nauges, C., Rinaudo, J.-D. & Chan, N.W.W. (Eds.). (2015). Understanding and Managing Urban Water in Transition. Global Issues in Water Policy (Vol. 15). Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.

A chapter in an edited book

Hsu, A., Suskind, A.M. & Huang, A.J. (2016). Urinary Incontinence Among Older Adults. In L.A. Lindquist (Ed.), New Directions in Geriatric Medicine: Concepts, Trends, and Evidence-Based Practice (pp. 49–69). Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Avian Pathology.

Blog post

Luntz, S. (2014, May 30). Scientists Achieve Quantum Teleportation. IFLScience. IFLScience. Retrieved October 30, 2018, from https://www.iflscience.com/physics/scientists-achieve-quantum-teleportation/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2008). Motor Carrier Safety: Improvements to Drug Testing Programs Could Better Identify Illegal Drug Users and Keep Them off the Road ( No. GAO-08-600). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Salinsky, J.L. (2012). Local disaster preparedness for the disabled population: Are we ready? (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Shear, M.D. & Gordon, M.R. (2017, August 12). With Tensions Rising, How U.S. Military Actions Could Play Out in North Korea. New York Times, p. A9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Mirkin, 2013).
This sentence cites two references (Yau & Vekilov, 2000; Mirkin, 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Yau & Vekilov, 2000)
Three authors: (Nørskov, Bligaard & Kleis, 2009)
6 or more authors: (Fang et al., 2009)

About the journal

Full journal title	Avian Pathology
Abbreviation	Avian Pathol.
ISSN (print)	0307-9457
ISSN (online)	1465-3338
Scope	Animal Science and Zoology General Immunology and Microbiology Food Animals