How to format your references using the Avian Diseases citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Avian Diseases. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. McSwain, M. V. Astrophysics: Black hole found orbiting a fast rotator. Nature 505: 296–297. 2014.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Lee, S. K., and C. W. Ahn. Probing of 2 dimensional confinement-induced structural transitions in amorphous oxide thin film. Sci. Rep. 4: 4200. 2014.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Liu, H., J. Gao, and J. Zhao. From boron cluster to two-dimensional boron sheet on Cu(111) surface: growth mechanism and hole formation. Sci. Rep. 3: 3238. 2013.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

1. Chan, S. W.-L., D. Zilberman, Z. Xie, L. K. Johansen, J. C. Carrington, and S. E. Jacobsen. RNA silencing genes control de novo DNA methylation. Science 303: 1336. 2004.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Thériault, M., and F. D. Rosiers. Modeling Urban Dynamics. John Wiley & Sons, Inc, Hoboken, NJ. 2011.

An edited book

1. Cai, G. Unmanned Rotorcraft Systems (B. M. Chen, and T. H. Lee, eds). Springer, London. 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Li, Z., C. Gao, and Y. Sun. Research on Collision Detection of Tree Swaying in Wind. In: Computer Science for Environmental Engineering and EcoInformatics: International Workshop, CSEEE 2011, Kunming, China, July 29-31, 2011, Proceedings, Part II. Y. Yu, Z. Yu, and J. Zhao, eds. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. pp. 18–23. 2011.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Avian Diseases.

Blog post

1. Evans, K. The 20 Best High-Paying Jobs In America For 2017. IFLScience. 2017.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Intellectual Property: Federal Agency Efforts in Transferring and Reporting New Technology. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC. 2002.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Perez, R. W. Stepping Stone or Stumbling Block? The Impact of Prior Military Service on Hiring Managers’ Perceptions of Warmth, Competence, and Hirability. 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Shpigel, B. Steelers Are Getting Their 2 Points’ Worth. New York Times: B10. 2016.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (2).
This sentence cites two references (3,4).
This sentence cites four references (4,6–8).

About the journal

Full journal title	Avian Diseases
Abbreviation	Avian Dis.
ISSN (print)	0005-2086
ISSN (online)	1938-4351
Scope	Animal Science and Zoology General Immunology and Microbiology Food Animals