How to format your references using the Avian Diseases citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Avian Diseases. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Morgenstern, M. Physics. STM ready for the time domain. Science 329: 1609–1610. 2010.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Muotri, A. R., and F. H. Gage. Generation of neuronal variability and complexity. Nature 441: 1087–1093. 2006.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Weisbuch, M., K. Pauker, and N. Ambady. The subtle transmission of race bias via televised nonverbal behavior. Science 326: 1711–1714. 2009.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

1. Veiga-Fernandes, H., M. C. Coles, K. E. Foster, A. Patel, A. Williams, D. Natarajan, A. Barlow, V. Pachnis, and D. Kioussis. Tyrosine kinase receptor RET is a key regulator of Peyer’s patch organogenesis. Nature 446: 547–551. 2007.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Singer, B., and G. Fedorinchik. Investment Leadership and Portfolio Management. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ. 2009.

An edited book

1. Semantics in Data and Knowledge Bases: 4th International Workshops, SDKB 2010, Bordeaux, France, July 5, 2010, Revised Selected Papers (K.-D. Schewe, and B. Thalheim, eds). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Bhat, M., M. Pouliot, R. Couture, and E. Vaucher. The Kallikrein-Kinin System in Diabetic Retinopathy. In: Recent Developments in the Regulation of Kinins. J. N. Sharma, ed. Springer International Publishing, Cham. pp. 111–143. 2014.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Avian Diseases.

Blog post

1. Andrew, E. Woolly Mammoths Suffered Major Birth Defects Before Extinction. IFLScience. 2014.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Customs Automation: Effectiveness of Entry Summary Selectivity System Is Unknown. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC. 1992.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Kaplan, C. M. Understanding the Anxiolytic Effects of Alcohol on the Central Extended Amygdala in Humans. 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Rohan, T. Before Hitting and Fielding, Young Mets Seek Edge by Running and Stretching. New York Times: SP2. 2014.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (2).
This sentence cites two references (2,4).
This sentence cites four references (2,4,7,8).

About the journal

Full journal title	Avian Diseases
Abbreviation	Avian Dis.
ISSN (print)	0005-2086
ISSN (online)	1938-4351
Scope	Animal Science and Zoology General Immunology and Microbiology Food Animals