How to format your references using the Avian Diseases citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Avian Diseases. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Smaglik, P. Making a move on mobility. Nature 435: 709. 2005.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Burt, D., and O. Pourquie. Genetics. Chicken genome--science nuggets to come soon. Science 300: 1669. 2003.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Long, J. C. S., F. Loy, and M. G. Morgan. Policy: Start research on climate engineering. Nature 518: 29–31. 2015.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

1. Terada, K., M. Anand, A. K. Sokol, A. Bischoff, and Y. Sano. Cryptomare magmatism 4.35 Gyr ago recorded in lunar meteorite Kalahari 009. Nature 450: 849–852. 2007.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Hoskins, B. J., and I. N. James. Fluid Dynamics of the Midlatitude Atmosphere. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester. 2014.

An edited book

1. Honda, N. Virtual Turning Points (T. Kawai, and Y. Takei, eds). Springer Japan, Tokyo. 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Das, S., and H. R. Dash. Molecular Microbial Diversity. In: Microbial Biotechnology- A Laboratory Manual for Bacterial Systems. H. R. Dash, ed. Springer India, New Delhi. pp. 125–173. 2015.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Avian Diseases.

Blog post

1. Luntz, S. South Sudan Is Having An Outbreak of Unexplained Hemorrhagic Fever. IFLScience. 2011.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Tax System Modernization: IRS’ Challenge for the 21st Century. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC. 1990.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Goldberg, D. S. Poly (amido amine) dendrimers: Transepithelial transport mechanisms and applications in oral drug delivery. 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Hu, W. Taking Aim at Sidewalk Scaffolding, That Unwanted Neighbor. New York Times: A21. 2016.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (2).
This sentence cites two references (3,4).
This sentence cites four references (3,5,6,8).

About the journal

Full journal title	Avian Diseases
Abbreviation	Avian Dis.
ISSN (print)	0005-2086
ISSN (online)	1938-4351
Scope	Animal Science and Zoology General Immunology and Microbiology Food Animals