How to format your references using the Astroparticle Physics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Astroparticle Physics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

G. Sigl, Ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays: physics and astrophysics at extreme energies, Science 291 (2001) 73–79.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

H. Ji, E. Zweibel, Plasma physics. Understanding particle acceleration in astrophysical plasmas, Science 347 (2015) 944–945.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

G. Gupta, M.B.A. Jalil, G. Liang, Effect of band-alignment operation on carrier transport in Bi2Se3 topological insulator, Sci. Rep. 4 (2014) 6220.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

Y. Zheng, H. Ren, W. Wan, X. Chen, Time-reversed wave mixing in nonlinear optics, Sci. Rep. 3 (2013) 3245.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

J. Buchenau, The Last Caudillo, Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, UK, 2011.

An edited book

[1]

H. Wu, ed., TNF Receptor Associated Factors (TRAFs), Springer, New York, NY, 2007.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

A. Ferrara, D. Scarpone, The Special Regions and the Autonomous Provinces, in: S. Mangiameli (Ed.), Italian Regionalism: Between Unitary Traditions and Federal Processes: Investigating Italy’s Form of State, Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2014: pp. 111–135.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Astroparticle Physics.

Blog post

[1]

S. Luntz, Magnetar Storm Reveals Evidence of Starquakes, IFLScience (2014). https://www.iflscience.com/space/magnetar-storm-reveals-evidence-starquakes/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Year 2000 Computing Crisis: Readiness of the Telecommunications Industry, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1999.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

P.T. Nelson, Sound as a gateway to a personal relationship with nature, Doctoral dissertation, Pacifica Graduate Institute, 2008.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

S.M. Novick, Flavor Bombs From a Storm-Tossed Chef, New York Times (2015) LI7.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Astroparticle Physics
Abbreviation	Astropart. Phys.
ISSN (print)	0927-6505
Scope	Astronomy and Astrophysics