How to format your references using the Astroparticle Physics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Astroparticle Physics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

K. Kreeger, Access delayed, Nature 422 (2003) 96–97.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

A. Cimpian, S.-J. Leslie, WOMEN IN SCIENCE. Response to Comment on “Expectations of brilliance underlie gender distributions across academic disciplines,” Science 349 (2015) 391.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

R.P. Rohr, S. Saavedra, J. Bascompte, Ecological networks. On the structural stability of mutualistic systems, Science 345 (2014) 1253497.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

R.H. Moss, J.A. Edmonds, K.A. Hibbard, M.R. Manning, S.K. Rose, D.P. van Vuuren, T.R. Carter, S. Emori, M. Kainuma, T. Kram, G.A. Meehl, J.F.B. Mitchell, N. Nakicenovic, K. Riahi, S.J. Smith, R.J. Stouffer, A.M. Thomson, J.P. Weyant, T.J. Wilbanks, The next generation of scenarios for climate change research and assessment, Nature 463 (2010) 747–756.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

J.A. Wiens, Ecological Challenges and Conservation Conundrums, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK, 2016.

An edited book

[1]

P. Germanakos, Human-Centred Web Adaptation and Personalization: From Theory to Practice, 1st ed. 2016, Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

J.K. Stein, Geoarchaeology and Archaeostratigraphy View from a Northwest Coast Shell Midden, in: E.J. Reitz, S.J. Scudder, C.M. Scarry (Eds.), Case Studies in Environmental Archaeology, Springer, New York, NY, 2008: pp. 61–80.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Astroparticle Physics.

Blog post

[1]

E. Andrew, Beliefs About Innate Talent May Dissuade Students From STEM, IFLScience (2015). https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/beliefs-about-innate-talent-may-dissuade-students-stem/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Implementation of Public Law 94-142 as It Relates to Handicapped Delinquents in the District of Columbia, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1985.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

A.M. Wester, Readers’ trust, socio-demographic, and acuity influences in citizen journalism credibility for disrupted online newspapers, Doctoral dissertation, University of Phoenix, 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

B. Rothenberg, Crowd Lifts Frenchwoman. Now, Who Will Hoist a First Major Trophy?, New York Times (2017) D4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Astroparticle Physics
Abbreviation	Astropart. Phys.
ISSN (print)	0927-6505
Scope	Astronomy and Astrophysics