How to format your references using the Asthma Research and Practice citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Asthma Research and Practice. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Renne PR. Geology. Flood basalts--bigger and badder. Science. 2002;296:1812–3.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Raser JM, O’Shea EK. Control of stochasticity in eukaryotic gene expression. Science. 2004;304:1811–4.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Cabernard C, Prehoda KE, Doe CQ. A spindle-independent cleavage furrow positioning pathway. Nature. 2010;467:91–4.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Kang HJ, Dai P, Lynn JW, Matsuura M, Thompson JR, Zhang S-C, et al. Antiferromagnetic order as the competing ground state in electron-doped Nd1.85Ce0.15CuO4. Nature. 2003;423:522–5.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Camman C, Fiore C, Livolsi L, Querro P. Supply Chain Management and Business Performance. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2017.

An edited book

1. Lindley S, McBride C, Trinder P, Sannella D, editors. A List of Successes That Can Change the World: Essays Dedicated to Philip Wadler on the Occasion of His 60th Birthday. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Millot D, Parrot C. Setting up Clusters of Computing Units to Process Several Data Streams Efficiently. In: Wyrzykowski R, Dongarra J, Karczewski K, Waśniewski J, editors. Parallel Processing and Applied Mathematics: 10th International Conference, PPAM 2013, Warsaw, Poland, September 8-11, 2013, Revised Selected Papers, Part II. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2014. p. 49–61.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Asthma Research and Practice.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. Spinal Cord Stimulation Allows Completely Paralyzed Rats To Walk Again [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/spinal-cord-stimulation-allows-completely-paralyzed-rats-walk-again/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Los Angeles Red Line: Financing Decisions Could Affect This and Other Los Angeles County Rail Capital Projects. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1996 May. Report No.: RCED-96-147.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Zimmerman KL. Perceived and preferred organizational culture on behavior intentions in the hospitality industry [Doctoral dissertation]. [Minneapolis, MN]: Capella University; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Burghardt LF. Mutiny in the Harbor: One Ship Too Many. New York Times. 2006 Jun 2;LI7.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Asthma Research and Practice
Abbreviation	Asthma Res. Pract.
ISSN (online)	2054-7064
Scope