How to format your references using the Asthma Research and Practice citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Asthma Research and Practice. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Holden C. DIVERSITY: Parity as a Goal Sparks Bitter Battle. Science. 2000;289:380.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Ramocki MB, Zoghbi HY. Failure of neuronal homeostasis results in common neuropsychiatric phenotypes. Nature. 2008;455:912–8.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Houlié N, Dreger D, Kim A. GPS source solution of the 2004 Parkfield earthquake. Sci Rep. 2014;4:3646.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Du C, Wang P, Yu Y, Chen F, Liu J, Li Y. Gadolinium chloride improves the course of TNBS and DSS-induced colitis through protecting against colonic mucosal inflammation. Sci Rep. 2014;4:6096.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Huang Q, Jing S, Yi J, Zhen W. Innovative Testing and Measurement Solutions for Smart Grid. Singapore: John Wiley & Sons, Singapore Pte. Ltd; 2014.

An edited book

1. Parinov IA, Chang S-H, Topolov VY, editors. Advanced Materials: Manufacturing, Physics, Mechanics and Applications. 1st ed. 2016. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Höfler H, Langer R, Ott K, Keller G. Prediction of Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Carcinomas of the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract. In: Dietel M, editor. Targeted Therapies in Cancer. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2007. p. 33–6.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Asthma Research and Practice.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. Rosetta Prepares to Rendezvous With Comet [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/space/rosetta-prepares-rendezvous-comet/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Accessible Communications: FCC Should Evaluate the Effectiveness of Its Public Outreach Efforts. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2015 Jun. Report No.: GAO-15-574.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Holliday S. A case study of how DuPont reduced its environment footprint: The role of organizational change in sustainability [Doctoral dissertation]. [Washington, DC]: George Washington University; 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Shear MD, Pear R. Former Obama Aides Lead Opposition to the Effort to Repeal the Health Law. New York Times. 2017 Jul 27;A18.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Asthma Research and Practice
Abbreviation	Asthma Res. Pract.
ISSN (online)	2054-7064
Scope